Friday, July 29, 2011 - 6:55 AM
By Matthew Irvine
Best Defense directorate of Delta force activities
After a decade of counterterrorism, the United States still doesn't quite seem to have the right formula. As we look back on a decade of lessons learned, it is useful to also study what our allies and partners have been up to in their own fights with terrorism.
Daniel Byman's new book, A High Price: The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism, tells the story of Israel's seven decades of counterterrorism. Byman overcomes the potential minefield subject of Israel/Palestine by tracing the arc of contemporary Israeli policies and challenges to their historical roots, often dating back to the British Mandate period and the 1967 war.
What struck me when reading Byman's book?
The Israeli military and politics are truly familial. Many of Israel's political and security officials today have worked together for decades, starting as soldiers in the IDF. Benjamin Netanyahu and Ehud Barak served on the same commando team that freed a hijacked El Al plane in 1972. Somberly, Bibi's brother Yonatan Netanyahu was killed in the famous Entebbe raid in 1976. These intimate relationships and the country's close ties to its military forces make the use of force, especially commandos, a very personal affair for those in power.
The long learning curve of countering terrorism. Israeli intelligence was forced to adapt as Black September emerged in the 1970s, as the PLO built a mini-state in Lebanon, the Palestinian Authority took power after Oslo and amidst the Second Intifada and the rise of Hamas. These required a relatively small cadre of counterterror specialists to constantly look for new openings in collection, new avenues of disruption and better ways to harden defenses. Israel still hasn't perfected its methods to say the least but has established an impressive record to versatility in a persistent irregular conflict. The United States should take note as we enter a second decade of war: retaining top level talent and constantly learning is key to long-term success.
The dangers of sanctuary. According to Byman, "Israel's history shows that no factor is more important to the success of a terrorist group than sanctuary." This argument is supported by studies of insurgencies in Afghanistan and Pakistan as well. Israel has focused much of its historical efforts on eliminating these sanctuaries both within and outside its borders. However it is important to note that as one safe haven closed, inevitably another appeared, whether in Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Algeria or Gaza.
Counterterrorism cannot be removed from counterinsurgency. As the debate over the Biden CT+ option in Afghanistan continues in DC, the Israel example highlights the need for wider strategies than simply killing bad guys. Byman wisely notes that "most of the groups Israel has faced, particularly the most dangerous ones, are involved in much more than terrorism…. When thinking beyond terrorism and in terms of political policy, the Israeli government should draw lessons from counterinsurgency, which addresses not only the military dimensions but also the political, economic, and social ones as well."
The threat of domestic terrorism looms large. Jewish terrorism is nothing new in Israel. Leaders such as Menachem Begin led pre-independence terrorist groups such as Irgun and the Stern Gang. This thread continues today with the fringes of contemporary settlers. As great as the threat from outside seems, problems at home always demand attention.
The book chooses breadth over depth in its attempt to cover seven decades of conflict and evolution and may leave those with their own libraries on Israel/Palestine wanting for more. Nonetheless, A High Price is a great introduction to Israeli counterterrorism.
Matthew Irvine is a research assistant at the Center for a New American Security, where he works on the Terrorism, Irregular Warfare and Crime Project. He is a co-author of "Beyond Afghanistan: A Regional Security Strategy for South and Central Asia."
Existential threat vs psychological
Israel has always understood that terrorism presented the greatest threat to their country's survival, as opposed to primarily more of a psychological one to America.
Perhaps because of that threat, Israel has historically been willing to accept the international diplomatic costs when innocent people are killed during their operations and targeted killings, to include the fallout from operating abroad on sovereign soil. . .I am not sure the U.S. can or should emulate Israel in that regard too closely.
However, one parallel both our counties have is we both focus very heavily on military action against terrorism but neglect its origins, and it might be useful to keep in mind, although Israel, and recently the U.S., has had successful counter-terrorism triumphs, the benefits only seem to be temporary.
Perhaps we should keep successful people in place instead of rotating them or "up or out." The Bush money-tracker at Treasury has been kept, wisely, by the new administration. The military should reconsider assignment policies which force experienced and successful officers on to new assignments when the nation might need them to stay in place. Note that some agencies have recalled retired personnel.
However, we are a huge, vulnerable country with massive overseas exposure and we have more people pissed-off at us. And, we seem to have a few domestic terrorists thrown into the mix. We have done what we uniquely do; we have thrown everything including the kitchen contractor at the problem. We can barely control this massive machine much less digest its output. If we wanted to emulate Israel or Great Britain, we would probably get a contractor to do it so that our traditional bureaucracies would go undisturbed.
Individuals will read this history and draw their own lessons and maybe apply them. As a nation, we tend to pay attention to technical innovation, not historical lessons.
No Your Subject Inside and Out
No doubt, some of the old Irgun/Stern Gang Guys knew a lot about terrorism!?!??!
One can quibble that the Irgun resorted to terrorist activities. . .uh let's say part time, when it suited their purpose, although they weren't cut from the same cloth as the Stern Gang who made it a full time job?
Triumph & disaster -- the two impostors
Modern terrorism seems to have grown among people who learned the lessons of activists (polite word) who argued that no blow was too low in getting the occupying British to go home from what was then known as Palestine. During World War II, one such group offered an alliance to the German Gestapo, which at that time was busy arranging the deaths of millions of European Jews. Post-war, the activists killed 91 people (beat that, Norway), many of them Jews, in the King David Hotel bombing of 1946 -- an action preapproved by several official underground independence-seeking organizations. The British went home.
Everything bad said today about terror events in Iraq, Yemen, Afghanistan, Britain, Spain, Germany, New York City and Norway (the real list is much longer) was said about those earlier terror crimes. Saying nasty things about 1940s terrorism in Palestine proved -- as continues true today -- to mean virtually nothing. At least three leaders of independent Israel had been members of those execrated terror cells of the 1940s. Similar things apply in many other nations that found their independence by irregular warfare -- terrorism. Terrorism, in many cases, works. It doesn't need an al-Qaeda.
"During World War II, one such group offered an alliance to the German Gestapo"
Are talking about Haj Amin al-Husseini, the leader of palestinians who was personal friends of Hitler, Himler, and had his own SS troop.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj_Amin_al-Husseini
They warned the hotel hours ahead of time about the bomb, but they didn't think the threat was credible.
They were wrong and people got killed.
It wasn't right to do that. Innocent people lost their lives.
India can learn from Israeli CT efforts, too
Given the history of Islamic violence that Israel had to contend with particularly in the context of its vulnerable geography too, surrounded as it is by hostile Islamic nations, its actions reveal a stern wisdom borne out of experience: the only language Islamic terror understands is counter terror, preferably pre-emptive!
Nip it in the bud, before they turn you into a corpse, which is not a possibility but an eventuality. Little surprise, therefore, that the jehadis deem Israel a tough nut to crack.
India can learn a lesson or two, too from Israel.
The way Indians have been rendered sitting ducks by a combination of factors, mostly self-inflicted, to the bombs of Islamic terrorists, if India has the will, Israel has already shown the way.
But alas, India somehow still seems to love its blissful confinement to the negotiating table. The 'will' to take on the terrorists is nowhere in sight.
Every country in the world, even with just one incident of Islamic terror, has pulled up its socks, geared up, made its intentions clear without mincing words and followed up with concrete action, both defensive and affirmative. The US has ensured that 9/11 is not just the first, but the last strike on its soil. Britain pressed the panic button after the London bombings in July, 2005 and has remorselessly secured itself to the point of criminal paranoia.
The rest of Europe, after the Dutch cartoon crisis, has shed its multicultural melting pot idealism to clam up with a strict no-nonsense attitude towards fundamentalist Islamic clerics. The 'free and secular' western world, wears its religion and culture like a talisman, to ward off the Jihadi threat even while flexing its muscles and delivering punches, when necessary and even when not so.
But India, which has been at the receiving end of jihadi violence for centuries (since 725AD), is in deep slumber ... secular slumber.
India, predominantly Hindu and targeted by the terrorists precisely for that ... though Indians may imagine otherwise, rather unwisely ... remains suspended in secular seclusion! Any association of terror with the religion of a minority is taboo even when it is glaringly apparent and any invocation of India’s own culture or religion is dubbed communal even when it could actually strengthen India, as a rallying point.
It does not seem to occur to Indians that for them to be secular, they have to be alive first! So as bombs go off in crowded places with chilling regularity, a Pavlovian spirit of slavishness, slip-shod logic and self-defeating tolerance takes grip of everyone.
While nothing is black and white, I understand there is plenty of grey; I find it ironic that Israel now finds itself fighting "terrorism" as the counterterrorist. The founders of Israel that were leaders in the Stern Gang and the Irgun engaged in many of the same practices as Hamas does today as they fight occupiers and attempt to get their own homeland. Eerily similar to the Zionist patriots that fought the British in the 1930's. I do not condone they was Hamas targets civilians at times, and by their rhetoric they have done their cause a disservice, but a true military/foreign policy/CT expert cannot honestly look at the current situation and find it ironic that Israel is doing the same that their founding fathers fought against to establish their great nation.
A history of Israeli counterterrorism offers some CT lessons for
Israel has learned over the years that terrorism is a stubborn phenomenon and that, in contrast to conventional warfare, decisive victory over terrorism is rare. When countermeasures block one avenue of attack, terrorists often improvise some new means of inflicting damage. After a series of aircraft hijackings in the 1960s forced Israel to improve aviation security, terrorists began to target Israeli embassies overseas. When security at embassies was strengthened, terrorists responded by attacking markets, buses, and pedestrians in Israeli cities.6 Accordingly, counterterrorism strategies must continually adapt to—and preferably anticipate—changing terrorist tactics. General Meir Dagan, head of the Bureau for Counterterrorism in the Israeli Prime Minister’s Office, observes that “fighting terrorism is like boxing—you usually win by points.”7 Palestinian terrorism against Israel has escalated dramatically since the second intifada (“uprising”) began in September 2000; it has included the use of mortars and Qassam II rockets (with a range of 4 to 6 miles) against Jewish settlements and military bases in the Gaza Strip.8 Particularly damaging to the morale of the Israeli population has been a wave of suicide bombings by Palestinian terrorists in crowded buses, markets, restaurants, and nightclubs. These attacks, which occur essentially at random, pose a serious threat to the psychological and economic well-being of Israeli society.
No. One has to wonder what Sen. Obama would do if the Iranians told him to kiss their ass? I don't think he understands who this enemy is or what they are capable of. RIO Obama is not ready to govern anything..
Israel has also made a virtue of necessity by creating a cutting-edge security industry that markets counterterrorism technologies, products, and services throughout the world. The primary goals of Israeli counterterrorism strategy are to prevent terrorists from influencing the national agenda and preserve the psychological resilience of the civilian population. According to Maj. Gen. Uzi Dayan, chairman of the Israel National Security Council, the government’s campaign against terror involves striking back against terrorist cells to protect the homeland, expanding the campaign against terrorist organizations and their state sponsors, and delegitimating terrorism in internationally. Because Israel and the United States both face threats from Islamic extremists who are prepared to sacrifice their lives in carrying out attacks, many of the lessons learned by Israeli counterterrorism experts over the past 50 years are relevant to the current U.S. campaign against al-Qaeda.At the same time, the two countries face distinct security challenges. Whereas Israel’s psychological and even physical survival is at stake in its war on terrorism, the risks for the United States are substantial but not existential.
Ever since its founding in 1948, the state of Israel has faced the threat of terror attacks from rejectionist organizations such as the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and Hizbollah. Because these groups cannot defeat the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) on the battlefield, they target Israeli citizens in an attempt to subvert the national will. According to
lisa ann
After a series of aircraft hijackings in the 1960s forced Israel to improve aviation security, terrorists began to traveling2011 target Israeli embassies overseas.
"Fighting terrorism is like boxing", true and good words. But some "terror" is fals flag terror. Example 9/11, you can find lot´s of books on amazon about it and youtube will help you. Good infos about on alex jones site infowars.
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