Posted By Thomas E. Ricks Share

One of my favorite analysts of Iraqi affairs is Toby Dodge, who manages to bring perspective others lack. I think over the last year he has been a bit more optimistic than I about where Iraq is going, so I was interested to see that his new analysis is pretty pessimistic. He weighs the new political situation in the balance and finds it wanting:

Those in Baghdad and across the northwest of the country who put aside their scepticism about the post-2003 political settlement are going to get precious little for their vote in March. The grave danger is that a fairly remarkable level of political mobilisation in the national elections will mutate into a justifiable sense of alienation, anger and possibly a return to political violence sustained by a widespread support base who once again feel excluded from national politics.

It seems to me that the only way to avoid this destabilising outcome is to give major spending ministries to senior members of Iraqiyya in the cabinet negotiations that will unfold over the next 30 days.

Either way, the events of last week have not been good for the sustainability of post-regime-change Iraqi politics.

Here's more. And a prediction of a "mini-civil war." And here is a cartoon of patriotism being pushed off the bench by sectarianism and political ethnicity.

(HT to JW)

Mountain/\Ash/Flickr

EXPLORE:MIDDLE EAST, IRAQ
 

BELTWAYCYNIC

1:01 PM ET

November 22, 2010

Its the economy

Everyone wants to point the finger at Iraqiyya now, but they are missing the point. This is about the economy and the brain drain of professional, mostly Sunni classes. The CPA, and later the US State Department and military forces, never quite grasped how to run the residually socialist state apparatus in Iraq. The sowed the seeds early on -- Iraq was a centrally planned economy where you had the absence of the legal, political, economic, and regulatory institutions that are the necessary underpinning of successful market economies. During the years immediately following the 2003 invasion, the CPA worked to install market-oriented policies and legal changes as well as transition state-owned enterprises to the private sector. This task proved to be enormously complicated for the inexperienced political appointees of the CPA and later PRTS and the U.S. military --During reconstruction phase of OIF coalition forces worked alongside State Department officials to rebuild legal, security, political, economic and regulatory institutions, which were important underpinning of Petraeus’ Counterinsurgency Doctrine. Regrettably, those institutions have not fermented to the point of becoming legitimate sources of authority and influence. Thousands of government workers, including policemen and firefighters go for months without being paid and the lack of an educated bureaucracy has frustrated the working class. Now they are looking for someone with legimate power to rule this country. Furthermore, US policymakers and intelligentsia have failed to acknowledge the thousands of Iraq political elite, living in exile, many of them former Ba'ath party members, but with the capacity and know-how to run that state apparatus. Before Saddam was executed he stated, and I quote, "even with all your tanks, planes and ground forces, you'll never be able to control this country. You give me one day of freedom, and this country will be under my control." The Americans just don't get it.

 

STEVE358

11:41 PM ET

November 23, 2010

Close

Beltway is, perhaps, a lot closer to the relevant points that getting lost in the national political circus.

Whether Allawi or Maliki is unimportant. If Iraq can't be brought into some level of functionality, somebody's head will be rolling down the street.

Iraq is a country that requires strong centralized control for things like national water, land control, and natural resources policies, yet plenty of economic freedom at the urban and trade levels.

Iraq has genuine issues/challenges with its neighbors (mostly over water, and navigation rights), and serious regional climate issues (the continuing drought cycle).

Failures to stabilize water, agriculture and regional trade/prosperity exacerbate rural to urban migration---a real "force multiplier" for destabilizing forces advocating for the mostly young and minimally-educated urban poor/unemployed.

That's the tinder that keeps being stoked as reports of lack of funding for welfare/food rationing, and lack of logistics (parts & repair) to keep the military/police vehicles operating continue to emerge.

I keep expecting to read that one or the other contender has been shot (in keeping with time honored traditions), but really, as Mr. Allawi indicates, the present structure is short-lived, which even his would have been unless there is a breakthrough on performance.

Back to the point about the brain/resource drain, and the intrigues of some much juice and resources outside the country but, by no means, on the side lines.

 

JWING

1:10 PM ET

November 22, 2010

Assumptions about Iraqiya are wrong

Dodge's analysis assumes that Iraqiya's followers will be angered when the government is finally put together because they won't get as much power as they were expecting. This fails to consider the fact that Iraqiya is made up of several factions. Allawi is angry because he doesn't think he personally will get a meaningful position heading the to be created National Council for Strategic Policy. He's probably right. Al-Hadbaa from Ninewa however will be satisified because one of its leaders Osama Nujafi got to be speaker of parliament. Saleh al-Mutlaq, who got banned before the election for alleged Baathist ties by the Accountability and Justice Commission is most concerned about ending his ban and returning to politics and perhaps getting a ministry. Basically, Allawi's continued anger over government negotiations do not represent all of his party, some of which will be satisfied and others who wont.

 

JWING

1:59 PM ET

November 22, 2010

Maliki-Allawi

Don,

Both the U.S. and Iran ended up coming out for Maliki as premier, but with different visions of the coalition behind him. Maliki ended up outmaneuvering everyone despite widespread distrust of the guy. Allawi played his hand badly. Allawi is now slated to get the head of a new council that may not have any real power and he's pissed. He'll probably go back to living abroad for the next 5 years like he did after the 2005 elections.

 

BELTWAYCYNIC

2:26 PM ET

November 22, 2010

Obama

Obama may have called Talabani at the 11th hour, but what did he do all summer? An SOL/Iraqiyya coalition would have been the logical best bet to supress Iranian influence. For some reason the Obama camp couldn't get it done, and with easily the most corruptable people on the planet. ARe you f'ing kdding me? And, if you ask them about it, the Obama lackies claim that "democracy" needed to take its course. Baloney.

 

JWING

3:12 PM ET

November 22, 2010

U.S. and Iranian Influence Overblown

Allawi was only able to come away with the most seats in the March election because the Shiite parties split. Afterward he played his hand badly by complaining that only he had the right to form a government and everyone had to follow him. Despite near unanimous ill will towards Maliki, Allawi was only able to convince the Supreme Council to come to his side in 8 months of talks. He had the Saudis, Turkey, and for a while Syria all behind him as well. Washington would not have helped.

Each Iraqi list had its own set of agendas and rivalries and those are what ultimately decided the alliances that have been made.

Likewise, Iran's influence is usually overblown in Iraq. They failed to get all the Shiite parties to run together before the election, still haven't gotten the Supreme Council to back Maliki, and it took 7 months after the vote for Sadr to back Maliki. If you count the time before the vote when Tehran was pushing Sadr and others to have a united list it took them almost 1 1/2 years to get them to come together. That's not a good sign of their power in Iraq.

 

JWING

12:30 AM ET

November 23, 2010

Iranian influence

I'm not saying that Iran doesn't have influence in Iraq, but with regards to the election it's been overblown. Instead of looking at articles complaining about Iran look at what they actually accomplished or failed to do.

1) From early Jan. 09 to the March 10 elections they tried to get all the Shiite parties to run together and failed.

2) Shortly after the March vote they began lobbying Sadr to back Maliki. That didn't happen until Oct. Tehran's influence was so strong it took 7 months to change Sadr's mind.

3) Tehran has been putting a lot of pressure on the Supreme Council to back Maliki. Remember the SIIC is the most pro-Iranian party in Iraq, and they haven't budged.

2 losses and an overtime win.

Iran can shape the situation on certain matters in Iraq, but as for telling people what to do and them following orders, that's a whole different cup of tea.

 

JPWREL

2:57 PM ET

November 22, 2010

Would one of you smart folks

Would one of you smart folks explain to me what constitutes a 'mini-Civil War' in Iraq? Is the defining characteristic tens of thousands of casualties or hundreds of thousands of casualties? Inquiring minds would like to know.

 

JWING

3:03 PM ET

November 22, 2010

Mini-Civil War = Western Pundits Who Don't Know Iraq

I get the sense that people that talk about civil wars or a coup in Iraq are people that can't make sense of the situation, along with a big dose of views stuck in 2006-2007 and therefore go for worst case scenarios to explain things. Examples. Iraq doesn't have a government therefore violence must be going up. Actually deaths have stayed at almost the exact same level since Jan. 09. Sons of Iraq haven't been integrated therefore they must be going back to the insurgency. Actually far more have simply walked off their duties looking for jobs that actually pay. Al Qaeda blows something up, therefore the insurgency must be making a comeback. Actually Al Qaeda is a shell of itself and only capable of these media grabbing attacks about every other month.

 

TOM RICKS

3:23 PM ET

November 22, 2010

Be careful there, Jwing

In my experience, Toby Dodge has a pretty good sense of Iraq.
Best,
Tom

 

JWING

3:37 PM ET

November 22, 2010

I'll take my chances

Dodge is repeating an oft mentioned warning that If Allawi's followers don't get important positions it will alienate his followers, and by that Westerners always mean Sunnis. I don't think many Sunnis see taking up the gun as the alternative since they already lost the sectarian civil war. I would think more cynicism towards the government would be the likely outcome, and Iraqis of all stripes already have plenty of that.

 

CMEYERGO

11:15 PM ET

November 22, 2010

Combat No More

At least the Americans still show humor.
http://www.usf-iraq.com/news/press-releases/us-soldier-in-iraq-killed-by-enemy-fire

An American GI was shot to death during "advisory operations."

 

GRAZIELLE

2:54 PM ET

November 23, 2010

The Washington Times

yea, So any anger he might have comes second-hand. The Washington Times reported that Obama made a call to Talibani demanding that he step aside for Allawi, and was rebuffed...
massagem tântrica acompanhantes

 

JWING

4:58 PM ET

November 23, 2010

Obama call

The U.S. at the last minute decided to try to convince the Kurds to give up the presidency so that Allawi could have that position. The Kurds refused because they wanted to retain the symbolic post. Kurds ended up winning. Was a bad policy choice for the U.S.

 

JWING

3:01 PM ET

November 24, 2010

Nir Rosen's Latest take

Iraq's Power Structure Is Stable, Streets Less So
NPR, 11/23/10

STEVE INSKEEP, host: Over the weekend, Vice President Biden, as you may know, wrote in The New York Times that, Im quoting here, "Politics has a merged as the dominant means of settling differences in Iraq."

Do you agree with that statement?

Mr. NIR ROSEN (Author, "Aftermath"): I agree. I don't think it has emerged that recently. I think really thats been the case since the civil war ended by 2008, when it was clear that there was a new order. Shiias control the country and Sunnis realized that they had lost and were now sort of marginalized and weak. And then Prime Minister Maliki crushed both Sunni and Shiia militias -with American support, of course. And what that led to was the absence of any armed group that could overthrow the system. And you saw saw more and more, just different parties and movements scrambling to grab a piece of the pie.

INSKEEP: Does that mean that for better or worse, the situation is genuinely stable, not just apparently somewhat more stable?

Mr. ROSEN: Stable in a sense that the new order cannot be overthrown by any internal power, unstable for your average citizen in Iraq who deals, on a daily basis, with a threat of criminal violence, mafia violence. So in that sense, I say Iraq resembles, or will resemble, Pakistan or Mexico, and this is kind of the optimistic take. And you have a strong central regime, authoritarian, brutal, corrupt, inefficient, but strong and stable. And then you have terrible violence in the streets, which affects normal people or government officials, but doesn't threaten to overthrow the system.

http://www.npr.org/2010/11/23/131532507/iraq-s-power-structure-is-stable-streets-less-so

 

Thomas E. Ricks covered the U.S. military for the Washington Post from 2000 through 2008.

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