I recently read the memoirs of Maj. Gen. William Dean, the highest-ranking American officer captured during the Korean War. One thing that surprised him during his three years of captivity was the number of Koreans who told him they had sided with the Communists because of American racial prejudice. If it were up to him, he wrote, "use of the term ‘gook,' or its many equivalents, by Americans would be an offense for military punishment." 

wikipedia.org

 

JPWREL

10:55 AM ET

September 13, 2010

Well, perhaps Dean is right

Well, perhaps Dean is right about ethnic slurs but I suspect that Koreans tended to support whomever happened to be in control irrespective of name-calling. To not support the NK Communists when they were in ascendency would be a quick trip to the cemetery.

Dean himself was not one of the sharpest blades in the drawer. Rather than affirmatively commanding the 24th Division during the battle around Taejon, Dean through neglect basically allows his divisional headquarters to fall apart while he reverts to the role of bazooka wielding infantryman. Dean was unquestionably brave but his first responsibility was to provide strong leadership and direction to his men and keep his HQ intact to control the division and that he manifestly failed to do.

In such a case there are only two things the Army can traditionally do either court martial him for gross dereliction of duty or give him the CMH. They choose the latter in order to not make a bad situation worse. It reminds me of the CMH given MacArthur for his almost criminal incompetence in the defense of the Philippines. This medal was largely awarded because we needed some kind of hero in the midst of disaster.

 

TOM RICKS

11:15 AM ET

September 13, 2010

Megadittoes

I agree with everything here.

On MacArthur's MoH for fleeing the Phillipines, there actually is documentary evidence--Marshall proposed the medal in order to shield MacArthur from possible allied concerns that he had run away from the fight. Marshall did this not because he liked MacArthur but because he wanted to make sure that allies wouldn't object to MacArthur commanding in the SW Pacific.

Thanks,
Tom

 

CMEYERGO

12:08 AM ET

September 14, 2010

Racism

Han-gook - a korean word, meaning a korean person. Not really bad, like slope, for sloping forehead.

Koreans are the most disliked by all Asians, for being greedy, loud, and selfish. Yes, I know that is politically incorrect, but just ask a Jap, Flip, or Chink if they like Koreans. But now Koreans have higher math test scores than Americans. An old Philipino joke, the Japanese travels to conquer, the Chinese travels to trade, and the Philipino travels to cock fight. Another, a bit outdated: Yankee go home, and take me with you!

Sorry for the slurs, that is the topic. But yes, racism in the US military was common until after the Vietnam war. Yet, I recall in the 1990s the CO at Clark AFB issued an informal order that officers were not to date locals. The great movie, "The Sand Pebbles" also covers this topic.

 

STORMWALKER

12:07 AM ET

September 15, 2010

well, I'm what you might call Jap

And I like South Korea, and sometimes feel anger at North Korea, but in most of the time feel disheartened with their brinkmanships.

One thing all amaze me is that, US seems to believe it is easy to build armed forces from scratch. In Israel, the first generation of IDF generals are from Jewish Brigade and armed militia(or insurgents against British rules). And in Korea, the mainstay of South Korean army comes from several sources, including Imperial Japanese Army.

There are quite a lot of untold stories about Korean War. Even TF Smith's ill-fated defense seems to have mysteries unsolved. And if you happen to be capable of reading Japanese, Sasaki Harutaka's book is really must read.

Anyway, T-34-85 soviet tanks were such devastating effect against allied forces in the first phases of Korean War. But now, South Korea has much better trained and equipped army, so I don't have to worry whether there will be another NK armor thrust to Pusan.

 

RANGER6

7:11 AM ET

September 14, 2010

"Gook" re:CMEYERGO

CMEYERGO:
I am surprised not only at your blatant racism, but at how ill informed you are, being a regular reader of Foreign Policy. "Han Guk" means Korea, not Korean, although most GIs in Korea seem to think otherwise. But most GIs also think "Hangeul" means Korean language, when it really means the Korean alphabet, and wonders why Koreans don't understand them when they ask them "Do you speak Hangeul?" which is akin to a Korean asking an American, "Do you speak Roman Alphabet?"

"Koreans are the most disliked by all Asians.." Obviously you have not traveled much in Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America.. The "Korean Wave" which you can google, has made Korea and all things Korean the most popular and coveted culture in all of Asia, and it is even infiltrating the Islamic Middle East, and Slavic Europe. Korean soap operas and music (called K-Pop) are popular not only in Asia, bunt also in Eastern Europe and Latin America.

As for the origin of the epithet, "Gook" probably comes frorm the Korean word for America, which is "Mi guk". When GIs first met Koreans in 1950, they probably heard many Koreans say "Mi guk" referring to the American soldiers. To their monolingual ears, GIs probably thought Koreans were calling themselves "me gook"... Just a theory.

FYSA, I have served four tours in Korea prior to 9/11 and three combat tours in Iraq/ Afghanistan since, and fully understand the deeply rooted racism of many of our fellow Americans against all on-caucasian cultures.

GIs now call Afghans and Iraqis "Hajjis", but in any imperial war, you'd expect the occupying force to dehumanize those occupied. No wonder we can't win hearts and minds. Even if COIN were a viable strategy, which I do not believe it is, being an adherent of COL Gentile,

 

RANGER6

7:16 AM ET

September 14, 2010

HAJJI

I agree with MG Dean in his assessment. Our recent wanton killing of Afghans by the 12 wayward soldiers of 5/2 BCT will certainly turn off many Afghans to us, as the news begins to viral. When I was a company commander in Iraq, in the pre-surge days of 2006, I made it illegal for Soldiers in my company to use the word "Hajji". Soldiers used that word as they used othe racial epithets for others in different countries. It was used as a noun, and adjective, and always in a disparaging or demeaning way. Unless Americans stop equating "America" with "White Anglo-Saxon" and start accepting that we are multi-cultural, we will not have an easy path through the current economic depression. We need to unite as a country in order to tackle our issues within and without our borders.

 

Thomas E. Ricks covered the U.S. military for the Washington Post from 2000 through 2008.

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