Wednesday, September 8, 2010 - 6:29 AM

If he has the courage of his convictions, he should, because he says debt is our biggest national security problem.
Well, here's the answer, or at least part of it: Make the rich pay their fair share, or at least more of it. For the last 30 years, the top 1 percent of Americans have made out like bandits, hauling in 80 percent of the increase in American income. During that time, the national infrastructure has been crumbling, among other things, while the rich have retreated to gated lifestyles -- private schools, private security, and a general non-participation in the life of the society.
Right now the wealthiest one percenters grab 24 percent of annual income in this country. That's even more than the 15 to 18 percent they hauled in during the robber baron era of the Carnegies, Rockefellers and Vanderbilts.
All this data comes from a fascinating new overview of income inequality done by my friend Tim Noah in Slate. Amazing that he can do this and put out all those children's albums, too.
As long as we are talking about smart people I know, here is a list of the best recent books on education, taken from an Education Next poll. Friends of this blog should consider voting for Karin Chenoweth's It's Being Done -- a surprising study of how some schools in poor areas radically improved their quality, without necessarily having charismatic leadership.
Significant income inequality is nothing new in this country but what is new is the stagnation of lower and middle-income earners while the hyper-wealthy continue to make gains. As long as the broad spectrum of the middle class (most Americans) felt that they and their children had a future through education and hard work then tolerance for the more egregious incomes of the wealthy was accepted. But in our new economy, which suffers from a much below trend recovery, protracted balance sheet repair and widespread solvency problems forbearance for such disparity is fast, becoming not only an economic concern but also a cultural issue.
In this environment we see that the armed forces are finally becoming concerned with their sources of funding, it’s about time. Their customary attitude that ‘we are so special that we should get whatever we want irrespective of the condition of the economy and taxpayer’ seems fast coming to a conclusion. The eggs of decades of economic and financial mismanagement are hatching and they are turning out to be vipers not chickens.
Unfortunately, we can count on the ‘military narcissists’ and their civilian auxiliaries to continue resistance to a more rational defense budget in line with our economic circumstances and our real strategic needs. Attempts at demagoguery combined with blatant extortion like “you better give us what we want or there will be more 9/11’s and even worse” is what we likely have to look forward to for at least a spell.
But my hunch is that these false and spurious arguments along with the growing realization of the futility of our unpaid $100 billion plus a year operations overseas will bring home the clear realization of America’s financial limits. It is my hope that common sense will eventually prevail irrespective whether left wing or right wing ideologues inhabit the realms of power in Washington, but I wouldn’t
bet on it.
What is the "fair share" that the rich should pay? To figure it out, you have to know how much they paid in taxes (as a percentage of total taxes) compared with their income (as a percentage of total income). I don't see those numbers in the post. So the richest 1 percent earned 24 percent of national income -- what did they pay in taxes as a percent of taxes paid? And what part of that was actually small business income (small businesses are taxes as individuals)?
And how many angels can dance upon a pinhead? While your question deserves a complete actuarial response (which I can’t give you) it seems pointless to me. Hypothetically, if a family after deductions and exemptions has an AGI of $100,000 and pays 28% on their last taxable dollar of income or if they have an AGI of $350,000 to a $billion and pay the 35% maximum rate on their last taxable dollar the key point is that progressivity is really failing if you think a small 7% differential is satisfactory. I understand there is no answer to the question of what is fair. Larry Kudlow on CNBC who is a sort of spokesman for mega-millionaires weeps for them and thinks they are persecuted at 35%. On the other hand Paul Krugman of the NYT’s would tax the blood right out of their veins. Who is to say what is fair, but one thing I do know is that our national checkbook is out of whack and I don’t think it is because the bottom 95% are paying to little in taxes.
it's not really that complicated
JPWREL-that is exactly the point -- you cannot tax the top 1% or 5% of earners sufficiently to put a serious dent in the annual budget deficit. Tom states that the top 1% earned 24% of national income. In 2007, the top 1 percent paid 40% of total taxes -- more than the bottom 95%, (see http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/30/top-1-paid-more-in-federal-income-taxes-than-bottom-95-in-07/), while they earned about 23% of national income. So, by most standards the rich are paying more than their fair share.
Out of about $1.1 trillion of taxes paid in 2007, the top 1% paid about $451 billion. So if you doubled their tax burden (so the marginal tax rate would have them taking home maybe 30 cents on the dollar earned, a serious disincentive to work, production, and investment), and assuming they continued producing at the same rate (very unlikely) you would still not wipe out a single year's deficit of about $1.4 trillion (for 2009).
So you are left with inreasing taxes on the middle class, and/or serious spending cuts (defense, medicare, social security anyone?), and/or a VAT tax (across the board consumption tax hitting everyone, including the poor).
Life ain't "fair."
I should amend my post in one respect -- doubling the tax burden on the top 1 percent would actually be impossible because you would create a situation where people would actually keep more morning by working, investing, or otherwise earning less. It would simply reduce economic activity and therefore tax revenue. You can squeeze some more out of the upper echelons, but not that much more.
In the 1950's a period of generally sustained high growth the top income brackets were around 70% and there existed fewer tax dodges for the rich. Your right life is not fair, but also one can use statistical data to support any point of view.
Fine, but that doesn't mean that increasing marginal tax rates to 70% will increase tax revenue, which you don't mention in your discussion of the 1950s. Sure, we had sustained growth rates then, but we also had a very different demographic situation -- far more people paying into entitlement programs than receiving benefits. And fewer entitlements.
It's easy to say "statistics can be used to support any point of view," but I provided some basic budget and tax numbers. I don't see you citing any to make a counterpoint and I doubt you can.
So you think the poor have too many entitlements and the rich are getting shorted? Our Constitutional rights are entitlements, are they not? How about women's entitlements? Part of our long history is the struggle to define entitlements, to whom should they be awarded, and how quickly, or more precisely: how slowly. Because the ones "holding" them will be upset about the loss. If I hold slaves, their gain of human dignity--of money they should be paid out for working--is my quantifiable loss. I am used to being "entitled" and now THEY want to be "entitled," and we both can't be "entitled" at the same time, can we?
The mentality to avoid is that the weakest among us deserve their lot. At some point in our history we (probably unavoidably) unleashed tremendously powerful destructive/creative social forces, some of which were used to erect artificial hierarchies intense enough to almost fully devalue the moral lives and the moral agency of certain unfortunate humans. Some people were then turned into tools, into farm implements. I don't think there's much debate about this.
In order for such a social system to function without immediately collapsing, the beneficiaries also had to create a strong intellectual argument explaining how the concepts of intra-societal superiority/inferiority work in theory and in practice -- Plato's classification of people into gold, silver and bronze natures comes to mind. Such disproportionate and cold-blooded distortions can spring from the merest seedlings of reality, because we do have slightly different abilities, different potentials, and different circumstantial capacities to realize them. We seem to manage these small differences alright for the most part in our immediate and personal lives, but long ago, some "big government" entity began to persuasively argue that an institutionalized system of entrenched large-scale differences was simply the natural order of things.
The pyramids weren't built out of communal solidarity, like some Amish barn. Their building was enabled by a highly complex process of overt and covert coercion. But how could anyone believe that by now we have actually done away with these ancient structures and behaviors and modes of thinking? We haven't. We've simply moved a bit further along the path of granting entitlements. It's also self-evident that most slaves didn't think of themselves as "slaves" -- they thought that given the circumstances, they lived relatively proud, dignified lives of hard, hard work. Slaves too need a system of thinking to enable and organize their daily existence. They were, and are, just like child-laborers, a working class of people earning a small wage in a tough world, holding it together as best they can. And slaveholders usually tend to complain about what hard work and responsibility it is to be a slaveholder, and what great contributions they make to the greater good, and how violated they feel about having to grant their slaves more and more "entitlements."
It is true that people with the highest incomes pay a greater share of them in taxes -- income taxes. But it is also true that the highest earners pay a lower share of their income than lower income individuals do in payroll taxes, which raise almost as much money (on the federal level) as the income tax. The wealthiest Americans are also able to take advantage of lower tax rates on capital gains, which most Americans are not because they cannot claim capital gains. And at the moment there is no estate tax, which has never applied to most Americans but drew some revenue from the highest income group in the past.
State and local taxes are not included in this equation. Taxes on income tend to be higher in states (New York, California) where disproportionately large numbers of wealthy people live, but many states rely heavily on property taxes. These effectively penalize ownership of some kinds of wealth (e.g. land, or in states like Wisconsin land used for purposes other than agriculture) but not others (e.g. financial instruments).
All this, though, applies to the fairsy-sharesy aspect of our fiscal situation. All Americans are predisposed to regard tax policies that advantage them as fair, and to disapprove of changes that would require them to pay more. This argument could be pursued at some length, but not at the expense of overlooking the bottom line: the fiscal imbalance of the American government must be addressed, and there is no way to do that without raising more revenue.
To the extent spending cuts are needed, they will have to be made in the largest government departments and most expensive government programs, because that's where the money is going. Likewise, given that our society has seen and increasing concentration of wealth, necessary increases in taxation will have to happen there first, because that's where the money is.
Mullen's got it exactly wrong (hey, he's a skimmer...). Following his lead into economics as a determinant of security, the major threat to national security is the size of the defense budget. There is no objective outside metric to justify this obscene level of spending on defense. Indeed, every benchmark available from the past says the current figure is outlandish.
One might say suck-it-up and live with it if it were actually buying enhanced security. But a fair review of the past decade says that the more we've spent, the more insecure we've become. The Army's broken. the Guard and Reserve are tapped out. The modernization and R&D budgets run below future needs. And we've lost our ability to function just about anywhere else in the world other than where we're pinned down now and have been for years and years.
Our biggest threat seems to be islamic extremism; our defense efforts for the past decade have exacerbated that threat and enlarged it. Tough to see what we're getting for all our spending other than more woes and a slammed economy that cannot sustain this level without real harm in the other economic sectors.
We've pissed away a trillion dollars in the Middle East and have 'won' exactly squat. Jesus would I like to have that for expenditure in our own country, for infrastructure, for public works, for debt relief, for emergency services, for welfare and the relief of human suffering in our own land.
Get a grip, Mike. The problem lies in your won budget. Fix your POM, not our economy.
People continue to try to blame the DoD for the debt
It does not fly, not by a rational look or even via the CBO estimates. Does the DoD waste money? Heck yeah it does! But even if you cut the budget totally for the DoD, (not doable) you would only save 550 billion a year. Look to spending by both the GOP and the DEMs that is out of control for pork, for entitlements, etc...we borrow, borrow, borrow and not just for the wars guys. We have not lived within our means for decades and to try and dump the blame on the DoD as the culprit or lone gunmen at fault is misguided at best.
the military and it's symbol, that five-sided building in Arlington serves as a lightening rod for everything that is high drag, and low speed. Certainly it is Social Security & Medicare that are the biggest contribution to our national debt. . .but those are seen as entitlements, not poster programs for cost overruns, and useless hardware that citizens don't see bringing closure to our present conflicts.
Perhaps if individuals such as Adm. Mullen, prior to their twilight tours, could bring some deep geo/political thought in establishing continuity from administration-to-administration on what America's long term strategic picture should be, and potential regions we should be shaping, instead of fighting wars of occupation and nation building, might be helpful.
I doubt the Admiral will be asking, "brother can you spare a dime" when he retires.
Equip the man - Don't man the equipment!
Or actually, no and yes. Yes to Medicare being a source of public debt. But no on Social Security, which is self-funded through payroll tax and solvent. So solvent, in fact, that in earlier years the surplus in Social Security was brought into the budget to offset operating debt, and so it remains.
Of course you are technically correct Skipper. One for the lions (you) and zero for the Christians (me).
SS is "Supposed" to be self-funded, it is not. It pays out more than it takes in and is also set up for failure, it relies on having workers of today pay for those retired already. Not to mention how often it was raided in the past. Soooo please Don, stop the silliness and your ignorance on so many things. Ducky, I wish it were solvent but it is not, I mean that. They need to go private with it, even "The Economist" thinks it would make us more of a saver nation and that it will increase our GDP by 2+%. If they were to allow you to put that payroll tax into a similar fund like what the Thrift Savings Program (TSP) it would keep Congress from raiding it, allow you to give it to family or charity when you die and take the burden of paying you SS off the Gov't. The FEDs and the Military already have TSP in place, it works and can be done pretty safely. Now before you anti-capitalists nuts go hog wild and scream bloody murder, think about it, SS gives you back about 2%, even if you invested only in Bonds, they return about 4%, you would double the amount you take home and guess what? If the Gov't can no longer pay the Bonds off we are in world of trouble anyway. Now, the S&P has returned about 8% (after inflation) since it's inception, again, your money and more of it. Now, how do we safeguard against people leaving their money in Stocks for too long? Only allow them to invest in Bond Funds, Fixed Income or what are called Target Retirement Funds, they rebalance your investment every year so that as you near retirement age your money is mostly in Bonds, Fixed Income, etc..and pretty safe.
Sorry guys, SS might be great for you guys who are retired now but it is not safe or solvent for my generation or the next and it needs to be modified, it is our money that we put into it and we would like to have some of it around when we retire in 30-40 years.
You are right, the Pentagon is an easy target and Ducky makes some good points as well but man, you would think the DoD is the only thing at fault for our debt.
I'd like to see our government kick its costly habit of borrowing to fund its activities. Interest on the debt consumes nearly 10% of our national budget, and gives lenders an unhealthy influence on policy, which could instead be implemented by a combination of mandatory civil service and eminent domain.
Right now, the USA is the only nation on Earth that doesn' tax inherited wealth, since the Bush tax cuts have pushed it down from zero this year. Some expected the Dems to change that this year, but no, trillions go untaxed. Amazingly, this tax would affect less than 1% of the population, but that group funds Congress.
FYI, you can inherit two million dollars from each parent and pay no tax, and no one wants to change that, but those lucky few who inherit much more should pay income tax on that windfall, lest we become a feudal society. I think its great that Bill Gates worked to become a billionaire, but I don't think his children should automatically become billionaires without paying a tax on their windfall.
Most inherited wealth was never taxed anyway, since capital gains are not taxable until "realized" when the person died. So one can never work a day in the USA, inherit $10 billion, live like a king, and never pay a cent in federal income tax if he keeps it in tax free bonds. Only in America. Just hire some TV and newspaper spinmasters to scream "no death tax" to fool the proles.
Also, the rich only pay a 15% tax on their income. You see, if you don't have to labor for your income, like with real estate and stock gains, then that is called a "capital gain", so you don't have to pay the 35% rate of the working shmucks. Why, because if the billionaires had to pay more, they wouldn't invest, but keep it in cash under a mattress. At least that's want con men like Newt say.
This is why Warren Buffet said that he and all other billionaires pay a much lower tax rate than their office clerks. Now back to the tele to hear more about the need to cut taxes to solve the deficit problem.
... are a mix of the most scrupulous, the least scrupulous, and the just plain lucky.
Finally ethics roars but softly from the JCS....
if Adm Mullen can get the concern for economic health and fairness into the national security perspective of even those tea party and old age entitlement addicts, then good old USNA may have given a good return on the investment by the rest of the nation.
I would offer another economic alternative: have the wealthy buy or invest in the capital ships, weapon platforms, aircraft, ICBMs and war materiel of the DoD acquisition budget with the general public paying a lease back. This could cause a cold calculation of the worthiness of each item by the rich and the measure of the desire to annually fund by the other 99%. Military services would become direct custodians of the rich guy's assets and their application to promote rich men's virtues and everyone else would provide the working capital to do the job.
By the way, if CJCS Mullen had CNO Gary Roughhead place the Jack of the Union back on the warships, then each star could be sold as the award to the top fifty investors in the fleet.
Old news finally getting discussion....
I've been writing about income inequality with a similar level of detail for about a decade, and people who addressing it even before that. There was an excellent article back in 1995 called If the GDP is UP Why is America Down? that addresses the issue during the middle of the "Clinton Boom".
http://www.theatlantic.com/past/politics/ecbig/gdp.htm
I did an analysis back in 2003 which goes over largely the same material that the Slate article goes over, and did a recent one about the effects of Reaganomics a few months ago.
http://www.rationalrevolution.net/articles/american_income_taxation.htm
http://www.rationalrevolution.net/articles/recession_cause.htm
I've argued for years that the American military is actually hundreds of thousands of Americans a year and making America less safe due to the financial burden of military spending and the resources diverted from domestic spending to improve American lives.
I have to agree with RD here in that there is no correlation between ‘defense’ spending and national security. In fact if there were a correlation the ‘military’ (a more accurate term) budget would be considerably smaller.
The Army is the most inefficient of the armed forces since its comparative value with current and potential opponents is only marginal and it labors under doctrine and equipment that is too heavy and deploys too slowly. The Army should be drastically reduced to a small professional cadre with part of the savings invested in a larger and better equipped and trained National Guard and Army Reserve.
The Navy and Air Force do have significant comparative value over any possible combination of opponents but still have many wrong equipment mixes as a result of interservice rivalries and special interest cliques within each service. Gates is probably right in that the Navy has too many short-range carrier strike groups. These carriers are vulnerable to any moderately armed power (highly vulnerable to the Chinese) and absorb way too much investment at the expense of other needed assets.
The USAF has too many short-legged fighter squadrons and not enough fifth generation long range strike capability. And both the Navy and USAF are under investing in space-based reconnaissance, communications and joint command networks where our real comparative value can be substantiality demonstrated versus any potential opponent. It is also imperative that we be able to defend those space-based systems and refine our UAV capability.
The USMC could be reduced as Conway its Commandant suggests but the Corps retains such unique capabilities that it needs to likely be held around 130,000 with at least 40 amphibious vessels to support their MEU’s. The Corps should divest itself of its own fighter aviation and return that to the Navy’s flight line and focus on its core amphibious mission.
Wow - you have crossed a line now Mr Ricks - jumped the shark as the once clever but now over used coinage goes. You take a simple statement from Mullen, that if it did have an ideological intent was certainly conservative in nature, and then, offended by that I guess, turn it into an accusation that declares that if the chairman really does take the future defense of this country seriously he'll embrace socialism and the phony ideal of the redistribution of wealth? I guess you're thinking of all those great military powers raised by socialist states where the rich were demonized and populism thrived - like Nazi Germany, for instance. And the Soviets had a good run for awhile. True, polities based on that kind of enlightened approach do tend to come to unpleasant and often precipitous ends - but hey, as long as Obama and his catamite courtiers can look like saviors for a while, that's all that really matters, right? I mean, did Sartre regret his communism? GB Shaw the praise he heaped on Stalinist Russia? Did Husserl and Heidegger ever really repudiate Nazism? No, not in their hearts - they were happy that, even if only for a brief time, their fondest dreams had seemed true.
Always dangerous when writers in the military affairs/foreign policy arena wear their ideology on their sleeve - they risk losing any plausible claim to objective credibility and that is exactly the damage done to you by this post.
How can you be more offended by a partisan comment from a journalist (which was really a conditional argument that makes some sense) than a partisan comment from our preeminent military official? I'd be more concerned about our impending imperialist political culture than a reversion to 1990's tax rates (which were the lowest we'd seen in over half a century). And comparing Obama to Hitler and Stalin is really just laughable. Bring some evidence of the camps and send them to worldnetdaily or glenn beck. Your hyperbole is out of control. The poor are demonized far more than the rich, and a progressive tax is not totalitarian.
who's comparing Obama to Hitler and Stalin et al? The point was ideology begets delusion - and you people are delusional if you think America can remain a military giant while embracing soft, EU style socialism. The contexts within which a powerful military can exist and thrive are very limited - and Obama's anti-business, redsitributive, trans-national, anti-colonialist guilt trip fantasy world ain't one of them. So people like you and Mr Ricks need to make up your minds: you wanna be the EU or do you wanna be America? History is pretty clear on the fact that you can't be both.
The true goal: "remain a military giant." What twaddle. Do you guys make this up on your own or is there a secret society of national idiots?
Mr. Ricks is not a journalist. He does pay for say.
Follow Lockeed Martin's Lead....Go Navy....
25% of LM's Senior Executives have offered to retire...well, Admiral, for the good of the Navy, why not have 25% of the Admirals tender their retirement resignations? If those driven by profit see the benefit of it, I am sure those driven by higher virtues will be prompt to strike their flags.
Spaces in the private sector will be available, now, executing the acquisition contracts for platforms which many of them promoted. It is a win-win.
Sail Navy...anchors away...underway.
Why don't you condemn him for being so blatantly political rather than deconstructing his ridiculous pronouncements on domestic policy? He and Petraeus (not to mention that Marine Commandant the other week, who wasn't so subtle) have a way of insidiously inserting themselves into the political process while maintaining an air of aloof neutrality. They need to be slapped down, regardless of the quality of their opinions on any given issue. It's not their business. I hope he doesn't respond to your question publicly.
By the mid seventeenth Century the Spanish government was paying 86% of its income in debt interest. It had borrowed heavily to finance a series of wars against the British, Dutch and French and eventually defaulted on its debt.
Everyone thought the Spanish were rich because of the flow of silver coming from South America but every ounce of it had been mortgaged against loans to Italian banks.
Spain was also in danger of falling apart as areas like Catalonia rebelled against constant tax increases.
Replace Spain with the US, Italian banks with the Chinese and Catalonia with the Tea Party and you may have the text of a history book in twenty years time.
...and a cautionary tale for our times...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Great_Powers
The rich pay their share. People should should spend less time concerned about what others make and more time making their lives better. IMO if the "rich" pay more then they should get more then one vote. Here's an idea -cut spending. I've got an idea - cut spending. This class warfare stuff is getting old.
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