Here is a response to yesterday's column by my CNAS colleague Matt Acocella. Your mileage may vary, but it is an interesting argument that hadn't occurred to me.

By Daniel R. DePetris
Best Defense guest respondent

We have all heard about China's rapid rise as a world power. Economically, China is projected to pass the United States as the world's largest economy by 2040; politically, China is projecting itself to be the most influential state on the Asian continent ... or at least in its immediate neighborhood.

India, too, is experiencing a similar trend, coupled with another baby-boom generation.  According to the Indian Government's Census Commissioner, the Indian population is expected to increase by 36 percent in the next twenty-five years, with more people entering into the types of jobs that actually make a decent living (like doctors, lawyers, computer engineers, and professors).  The Indian GDP -- currently a hefty $3.56 trillion -- will likely pile up as the Indian economy diversifies into different areas, particularly in the technology sector already extremely popular among educated Indians. The CIA World Factbook confirms that the Indian economy grew by over 6 percent in 2009, which is an astounding rate given how many industrialized economies were damaged as a result of the two-year global recession.   

It seems like the future for China and India is all roses. Unfortunately, it's going to take a lot of energy to keep both countries competitive in the global market.  

What happens when energy demand starts to outweigh Beijing and New Delhi's supply?  India is already ranked 6th in oil consumption as of 2009, and China's place on the consumption scale is even higher (they are in 3rd place, behind the European Union and the good old U.S.A.).  Given future trends in population, oil imports will have to substantially climb if both countries want to maintain their economic success.

China and India could get on Russia's good side in order to fulfill its energy needs, but dealing with those pesky Kremlinites is a tricky business (they love to spy, and they have some interests that conflict with China in particular, like control of Central Asia). So once again, the Middle East -- with all of its oil glory -- is not going to go away. In fact, if you like to bet, place your wager on the Middle East being the most important region for at least the next ten or twenty years.

It's going to be interesting to see how China and India -- who have thus far been able to distance themselves from the turbulent politics of the Middle East- maneuver with governments in the Islamic world. Are they going to assert themselves, much like the United States has in the last three decades? Or will they take a more passive approach by building economic ties while keeping a distance from the region's messy politics?

The second option is by the far the most desired. If there is anything that can be taken away from America's involvement in the Middle East, it is the fact that the region's politics is a terribly frustrating and spurious thing to deal with. The problem is that the same energy demands that drew the U.S. to the Persian Gulf could eventually drag China and India into a similar predicament.

Middle Eastern politics is full of cataclysmic situations where violence always seems to be one step away. Political turmoil between Sunnis and Shias in Iraq, the expansion of Iran's nuclear program, and the continued frustration of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict may eventually threaten the oil market.  How would Beijing or New Delhi react in this circumstance?

If the oil market is volatile, or if regional tensions somehow stop the oil from flowing at a relatively low cost, China or India may need to get involved in a much more aggressive fashion. One of the reasons why the United States decided to establish military bases across the Middle East (despite preserving a balance of power among the Middle Eastern states) was to protect oil interests and ensure that a conflict doesn't get out of control. China and India (and perhaps Japan) may need to act in much the same way.

The U.S. need not worry about increased Chinese and Indian influence.  Rather, the U.S. would be wise to celebrate China and India's ascendance into the region, because the future energy needs of both could actually lift some of the burden from America's strained shoulders.

Most Americans are sick and tired of acting as the world's policemen, and some simply want to withdraw all together. Being the world's primary guardian requires lots of manpower and lots of taxpayer money, and after three decades of filling that role, Americans want to cut their losses and stop spending money on what many deem to be hopeless ventures.

A resurgent China and India in perhaps just the excuse Americans are looking for to finally cut back their forces and disengage militarily from the region. The United States will no longer feel the pressure of going it alone on some of the world's most important security issues.

Whether this is what Washington is thinking is a whole other story. Lawmakers probably view a strong China as a threat to U.S. interests, and they may be right in some areas. But they should also remember that the U.S. has the strongest and most technologically advanced military in the world...not to mention the ability to influence countries indirectly through billions in economic assistance. A few Chinese soldiers won't change that.

Daniel R. DePetris is a graduate student at Syracuse University focusing on international security issues.  He blogs at http://www.depetris.wordpress.com

 

FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP/Getty Images

 
Facebook|Twitter|Reddit

TYRTAIOS

3:43 PM ET

July 29, 2010

Black Gold & Uncle Sam's Dime

Did you know that back in 1970, the seven major international oil corporations were sure they owned all the Middle East’s known reserves? Within five years, all tthe Middle Eastern countries had nationalized their own oil thereby taking ownership - and prices have escalated ever since.

By estimates of about five years ago, for China and India to reach about a quarter of the level of U.S. oil consumption, world output would have to rise by forty-four percent. If we talk about those countries reaching the half-way mark in say, 2015, global production would have to double. . . .is that possible?

Before I end my mini-dissertation, remember this anecdotal point that FDR (and Churchill) used an embargo as a tool to reign in Japan pre-1941, and it lead to war. This anecdotal point being that oil influences foreign policy and can have influence on destiny.

The U.S. today, may only import about fifteen percent of its oil from the Middle East, but as oil is a most fungible commodity, that is quite irrelevant. What is relevant, is what's available on the global market at any given day (even hourly). Any disruption of any sort in the Middle East causes main consumers to compete with the U.S. in buying oil from our main sources (Canada, Venezuela, Mexico, Nigeria, and so on).

Concluding my report for today, I call your attention to the Carter Doctrine which states we will have U.S. military assets deployed to protect that oil supply and its flow through the sea lanes known as the Persian Gulf (Arabian Sea).

This continual military presence is costly and I see no reason why China and India should get a free pass under the protective umbrella of Uncle Sam and the U.S. tax payers’ dime.

 

DEVILDOG0300

3:48 PM ET

July 29, 2010

RE China Economy

All the Chinese have to do is install a minimum wage of $2 an hour and their economy will surpass the world, so let's not make too big a deal of THAT.

 

NORBOOSE

5:33 PM ET

July 30, 2010

Dont worry

Due to exchange rates, a $2 minimum wage in China would be equivalent to a minimum wage of $10 an hour in America. A Chinese middle class family may only earn the equivalent of $12,000 per year, but they have a standard of living equivalent to an American making $45,000 a year.

 

LITTLEMANTATE

11:43 PM ET

July 29, 2010

The Indians and Chinese are not slaves to their own ideologies

or at least apparently not, nor do they have large voting blocks who are obsessed with a certain smallish state in the Levant. Contra the Judeo-Christo-Islamo-Marxist West, Chinese and Indian communal mythologies aren't based on universalism. They also have not had the dubiously rewarding experience of being world hegemon. All this gives them negotiating space the US doesn't have. Combine this with the dynamism that the writer mentioned and you have a pretty effective force.

That said, both India and China have large Muslim populations, and hence an important cultural and political connection to the Middle East and possible fears of terrorist connections. But, it seems to me, that so far the Chinese have been pretty successful in isolating the Uyghurs. The only place in the Middle-East where there is sustained support for the Uyghur cause is in Turkey, and that amongst a relatively small group of pan-Turanian Turks, a portion of the Turkish population not very likely to form alliances with non-Turkish Islamist groups anytime soon. But who knows, stranger things have happened.

 

CARDSHARP

12:41 AM ET

July 30, 2010

There is little evidence China will lend a helping hand

It has a hands off policy when doing business and acquiring commodities. They treat despicable tyrants and long-standing democracies alike, they there only to do business. For anyone who's been paying attention, China has been on a globe-trotting tour of oil and mineral acquisition. Here in Canada they've recently started buying oil interest from companies out west in a big way.

Btw has anyone else seen the report the Russians came out with on the Cheonan?

"Russian Investigators Say Cheonan Sank by a Sea Mine Explosion"

 

TYRTAIOS

4:35 AM ET

July 30, 2010

Yea, I suspected that. There

Yea, I suspected that. There had been a joint U.S./S. Korean ASW exercise prior to the incident and after its conclusion, there were reports that several vessels seemed to be looking for something. They might have lost a rising type mine - than again, it could have been an old drifting mine of anyone's origin?

A friend tells me that area doesn't generally have a lot of commercial surface activity, and the waters are supposed to be pretty clear for acoustic detection. The N. Koreans aren't believed to have any technology that would allow even a small submarine's signature to not be detected, let alone fire a torpedo. It seems odd the S. Korean's would have missed it, as they have an ASW center (in conjunction with the U.S Navy) not far away.

 

WILLIAM R. HAWKINS

1:56 PM ET

July 30, 2010

China is a rival, not a helper (Korea and Iran prove this)

The sea mine story may have originated in China. Kim Myong Chol, a frequent writer for Asia Times who is billed as an "unofficial" spokesman for North Korea, has claimed China concluded from its own investigation that the ROK corvette was sunk by an American mine. Kim said the Chinese sent the report to left-wing groups overseas where is has been circulating through the anti-imperialist and appeasement blogs not only in the U.S. but also in South Korea and Japan. The spin is that blaming North Korea is a “false flag” operation to justify American militarism, like 9/11 is described in half-wit conspiracy circles as an "inside job" to justify American expansion in the Middle East.

In its defense of Pyongyang since the Cheonan sinking, Beijing has stepped from behind the façade as a responsible stakeholder that it tried to present during the Six Party Talks. Military officials, the state media and the nationalist blogosphere have all been saying that any threat to North Korean is a threat to China. Cold War thinkiing is alive and well in Beijing.

The relevance to the Middle East is that Beijing has taken a similar stance regarding Iran, potentially the most powerful country in the region. Unlike North Korea which is a failed state, Iran, with a developing nuclear capability and militia groups active in Gaza, Lebanon and Iraq, looks like the “strongest horse” on which to bet for future domination of the Gulf.

If India follows China into the region, it will not be to support Beijing but to guard its security from a rival power. The U.S. should continue to pursue a strategic partnership with India, as both democracies face common dangers from radical Islamists and rising Chinese.

 

SILVERIVER

12:42 AM ET

July 30, 2010

India is not a suitable powerbroker in ME

India's Hindus majority fear and loathe Muslim with a passion. Ethnic riots and bombings that happen from time to time in India stem from those deep mistrust. Also, India are seen by many lacking backbone and sucking up to any world superpowers (USSR then, USA now), They don't have much street credit in being a honest middleman in that region. China maybe a suitable candidate, but they are too wise to get tangle up in that mess, as their track record show.

 

PAPUSHI

3:11 PM ET

July 30, 2010

Not True

Nobody would deny there is anti-muslim sentiment in India, but to accuse India's entire Hindu population of islamophobia is crude. Islamophobia in India usually follows certain cycles rising following terrorist attacks or during elections. After the Mumbai attacks, pretty much everyone expected India to explode with anti-muslim riots and pogroms. That it didn't and the fact that the BJP was unable to exploit the attacks to their advantage, is a testament to how far India has progressed in inter-religious dialogue. Also, Islamophobia is not the preserve of Hindus, India's Christians and Sikhs have their own share of Islamophobes. The vast majority of Indians have no interest in seeing their country turn into a Hindu Rashtra. Pakistan is a good enough example of how states based on religion fare. Soon after India becomes Bharat, Sikh, Christians, Buddhists, Jains and whatnot will demand their own states.
And India will have very little interest in meddling in the Middle East. One reason India has developed close relations with Israel is because of the Arab nations tendency to side with Pakistan in the Kashmir dispute. Another is their refusal to admit India into the OIC despite India having 160 million muslims. The Gulf countries are finally acting to remedy this, but the closeness of India-Israel relations is noone's fault but the Arabs.

 

ANON_ANON

7:19 AM ET

July 30, 2010

"Rather, the U.S. would be

"Rather, the U.S. would be wise to celebrate China and India's ascendance into the region, because the future energy needs of both could actually lift some of the burden from America's strained shoulders...Most Americans are sick and tired of acting as the world's policemen, and some simply want to withdraw all together. Being the world's primary guardian requires lots of manpower and lots of taxpayer money, and after three decades of filling that role, Americans want to cut their losses and stop spending money on what many deem to be hopeless ventures."

Para 1)

So great powers welcome the ascendance of other great powers because it increases the potential for burden-sharing?

Para 2)

The mass opinion of Americans determines American foreign policy?

Just a few random questions.

 

ZORRO

6:02 PM ET

July 30, 2010

What Nonsense

If oil is getting scarcer I most sincerely doubt that the US will want the Chinese to sit on a big supply of it. Just as that oil became nationalized in the 70's it could become Chinese oil real quickly through coercion or outright military occupation.
For Japan I'd say that China controlling the Middle East would pose an existential threat, so any movement in that direction would force the Japanese to militarize and (probably) to become a nuclear power.
The Chinese controlling the Persian Gulf might not be quite so bad for the Indians, but considering the ongoing border dispute and the build up of naval forces around the Malacca Straits I'd say that they wouldn't be positive to it either.
In short I think the US relinquishing control of the Persian Gulf would turn a tinder box into a forest fire.
As for ideas that China, India and Japan would cooperate in keeping the Middle East stable I just say - pleeeaseeeee...

 

Thomas E. Ricks covered the U.S. military for the Washington Post from 2000 through 2008.

Read More