Friday, May 28, 2010 - 10:00 AM

The AP reports that U.S. soldiers are finding that their rifles have shorter ranges than the older firearms used by the Taliban. This stunned me because (as the AP's Slobodan Lekic points out) the British in 1842 had the same experience.
While we're on the subject, there are, as of about a week ago, more U.S. troops in Afghanistan (94,000) than in Iraq (92,000).
And Joel Wing has a good summary of the numbers of neighborhood watch/Sons of Iraq/Sahwa/Awakening guys/former insurgents integrated into the government of Iraq.
Actually, the inadequacies of the M-4 (5.56x45 NATO) system have been apparent for a very long time. However, the U. S. Army has such a massive logistical investment in infrastructure for the M-4 that it has inhibited the introduction of better weapons. The United States has never been a world beater on the leading edge of combat firearms development even with the famous M-1 Garand of WW2 and Korean War fame particularly when you contrast it with the 1942 German WW2 Sturmgehwer StG-44 assault rifle firing the excellent 7.92x33 Kurz with its 30 round detachable box magazine.
The problem is two fold; firstly the M-4 itself is not among the best designs in the world. It is a gas blowback system which particularly in hot climates runs at too high a temperature and which also feeds gas fouling back into the receiver assembly. Secondly, the 5.56x45 NATO (M855-62gt. Penetrator) was originally designed to defeat Soviet body armor at ranges of about 300 meters of less. As a longer-range cartridge it lacks the necessary retained energy and ballistic balance to remain both lethal and accurate.
Fortunately, well funded Special Op’s units like my sons SEAL Team have broken free of the Army Ordnance bureaucracy and have been issued the new FN SCAR which is based upon a short stroke piston which is a superior design versus gas blowback and products considerably less residue in the chamber and receiver but it still fires the unsatisfactory 5.56x45. The good news is that a version of the FN SCAR firing the excellent if a bit heavy 7.62x51 NATO round (147gr. bullet vs. the M-4’s 62gr.) is also being issued to Navy SEALS which is superior for the extended ranges found in Afghanistan. The most import thing is not whether the military adopts the FN SCAR or the HK416 (my choice is an American version of the German G-36, the best infantry combat rifle in the world and the direction the Brits are going in around 2017) but we desperately need to adopt a new cartridge.
What is really needed is a short stroke gas piston design firing a 6.5mm cartridge and around a 100gr. bullet with a superior ballistic coefficient and retained downrange energy than the current M855. Bullet design itself is critical and the new experimental 62gr. bullet being issued to the Marines may be a partial answer in that it is designed more like a modern hunting bullet that contains both penetration and expansion. If NATO could adopt a new round like the one I suggested above using that bullet design it would be bad news for the bad guys.
check out the robinson arms xcr...short stroke gas piston and is modular in terms of caliber.
http://www.robarm.com/resources/products/xcrlstd/index.aspx
note - it's extremely unlikely that robinson arms could fulfill any sort of large gov't contract, and they don't have much of a track record.
for my my money, it doesn't get better than an M14. in iraq, all of the companies in my bn got 10 M14s in EBR stocks...if you dropped a shorter barrel (a la the socom 16), you'd have something that could reach out and touch the bad guys at long range but could still be used in the mout fight. prohibitively expensive, though...
I think you hit all of the reasons right on the head. The FN-SCAR is a terrific assault rifle and even my old FN-FAL with the 7.62x51 NATO round has zero range issues, I've shot it at 50,100,150,250 and 500yards and it always makes it to or past the target. Hitting the target past 150 has always only been hindered by malfunctions in my hardware rather than the rifle.
Schmedlap is all over this topic
Schmedlap tackled this issue recently at SWJ, but suffice to say, people get very emotional about their rifles. The debate is about as vicious as evoluton/creation or pro-life/pro-choice.
I find the trend amusing--the Army starts pushing for more short-range M-4 carbins, as they're more useful for vehicle crewmembers, air crewmembers, and close-quarter urban battle. (Plus, every CSM, battalion commander and up feels they need an M-4 because they feel like a killer. I guess it's easier to take though the line of the DFAC). Now, in mountain warfare, the M-16 is far more applicable with its greater range. We can't buy rifles for each situation.
Schmedlap does, however, suggest getting better ammo (SWC thread is the best one).
http://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/2010/05/americans-outgunned-by-taleban/
http://council.smallwarsjournal.com/showthread.php?p=94891#post94891
Thanks STARBUCK! - Leave it to no-nonsense Schmedlap. : )
Thanks STARBUCK! - Leave it to no-nonsense Schmedlap. : )
Fortunately, we aren't finding Marines and Soldiers in fighting positions slumped dead over a disassembled M-4, that had a major stoppage, as was once the case with the earlier M-16. It is more a factor of range, which can be overcome, and corrected. I am not sure whether this is a continuation of the old argument that persists with this design, and its many modifications, that has reared its head again?
Anecdotal war story: Several centuries ago when our M-16 rifles were upgraded with the necessary modifications, we still experienced another problem . . . the flash suppressor which looked like prongs back then, was found useful for slipping under the steel banding of C-ration cases, which when sharply twisted would snap the band - which created another problem - one can only wonder how Schmedlap would handle that? : )
There are numerous issues to why we use the M4 as the basic weapon. As previosly mentioned on this thread, certain forces (SEAL Teams, etc...) are issued special weapons, and units do have M14s, and other weapons in their arms rooms, but for most Soldiers on the battlefield, it is "good enough." That is upgrading and replacing the entire stock of M4s in the service is not worth the money, better to use that money for other upgrades, be it body armor, or other stuff issued in RFI. Perhaps it is worthwhile to get some better long range weapons to Ranger BNs, Marine Units on the front line, BCT Infantry Platoons, etc...but probably not worth replacing every M4. On this line of thinking, I am certain, that the number of personnel who go through an entire 12 month deployment without firing one round is substantial (BTW, this does not in any way degrade their sacrifice and service).
Don't forget about NATO, and using the same caliber bullets that our allies use, I believe this is another reason why we have not moved to a 7.62 round.
There is always another better weapon, but when it comes to aquasitions in DoD, it is a zero sum game. Each time you have a choice of a better weapon, you have to ask..."is it that much better" or is what we have good enough. Otherwise you are looking at replacing everything we have every year or so.
What really weird is that Obama has repeatedly promised we'd be down to 50,000 "non combat" troops by August. That will not happen, so why no outrage? Why no comment? Recall Obama's pledge to withdraw all troops from Iraq within 14 months (which has passed) was the reason he moved ahead of H. Clinton to become President.
So this is the biggest story of the year! Perhaps Mr. Ricks will want to break it open. Or does this conflict with CNA's PR effort to promote the U.S. empire as part of this ultra-right wing Democratic Party "think tank?"
ultra-right wing Democratic Party "think tank
CNAS is nothing more propaganda front for the killing and mutiliation industry. It is also an employment agency working the revolving door of corruption. If we follow the dollar, we see that CNAS gets its funding from war pigs like Northrop Grumman. CNAS is in business to promote Eternal War, Inc. Nothing more, nothing less. Notice how they even keep military officers on staff to make them look more official and patriotic Mr. Ricks will do nothing of the kind. Since his capture, he will march in line and do the bidding of Eternal War, Inc.
Anyone who wants to be a member of the court must be a full fledged war monger. President Obama is faced daily with a military high command that is completely against him. The record of this fact is well established. They will decide our military strategy with the full support of the war monger courtisans and the captured media. Yes, life is grand in the capitol these days. War is the last and only growth industry left in the United States. Everything else has been looted.
Generals gathered in their masses
Just like witches at black masses
Evil minds that plot destruction
Sorcerers of death's construction
In the fields the bodies burning
As the war machine keeps turning
Death and hatred to mankind
Poisoning their brainwashed minds
Oh lord yeah!
Politicians hide themselves away
They only started the war
Why should they go out to fight?
They leave that role to the poor
Time will tell on their power minds
Making war just for fun
Treating people just like pawns in chess
Wait 'til their judgement day comes
Yeah!
Now in darkness world stops turning
Ashes where the bodies burning
No more war pigs have the power
Hand of God has struck the hour
Day of judgement, God is calling
On their knees the war pig's crawling
Begging mercy for their sins
Satan laughing spreads his wings
Oh lord yeah!
The old Gunny says, "This is my rifle, this is my gun! This is for fightin! This is for fun!"
these people have blogs/books, not contracts with the pentagon
I understand your anti-war sentiment, and agree with it, but the idea that Ricks and the rest of these CNAS people are some sort of totalitarian, militarist front is utterly absurd. If it were, they would be pushing longterm investment in Iraq. That--not Afghanistan--is where the money is to be had. People like Ricks are convinced that Afghanistan presents a legitimate security challenge to our country. Debate them on the merits and I think you''ll get the better of them. Presenting them as greedy pawns is not the way to go.
and by the way, "War Pigs" is no "Masters of War"
These are the good freinds of CNAS. The war pigs on the below list do not give money for nothing in return. I agrre with you on "Masters of War". Though not a Rock and Roller, I always liked War Pigs, especially the first verse.
Accuron Technologies Limited
Advanced Rotorcraft Training Services
Aegis Defense Services LLC
The Albright Group
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Allen and Co. LLC
The Alliance for Climate Protection
American Insurance Group (AIG)
American President Lines
Aspen Strategy Group
Avenue Capital Management II, LP
BAE Systems - North America
BAE Systems Plc - United Kingdom
Bavarian Nordic Inc.
BGR Foundation
BioLogue
The Blackstone Group
BLS Investments
The Boeing Company
Bovin Family Foundation
Brenner West Capital Advisors
Carson Family Charitable Trust
Caterpillar Inc.
Charles River Ventures
Chertoff Group, LLC
Chevron Products Company
The Connect U.S. Fund
Cross-Strait Interflow Prospect Foundation
David Berger Foundation
Deloitte Consulting LLP
Emergent BioSolutions Inc.
Energy Foundation
FHC Health Systems
Finmeccanica, North America Inc.
Foley Hoag LLP
Four Seasons Ventures, LLC
Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Foundation
GE Foundation
General Dynamics Corporation
General Electric Aviation
Google Inc.
Heinrich Boell Foundation, North America
The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
Hills Family Fund
Hines Investments
HL Capital Inc.
Honeywell
Hunt Consolidated Inc.
IF Hummingbird FD, Inc.
International Business Machines (IBM)
Import of Santa Monica
Itochu International, Inc.
Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
KBR, Inc.
Keppel Corporation Limited
Lee Foundation
Lockheed Martin Corporation
Lotus Asset Management
Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc.
Mannheim LLC
ManTech International
Markle Foundation
McKinsey & Co.
Mitsubishi International Company
National Intelligence Council
New Century Consulting
New York Community Trust
New York Life
Northrop Grumman Corporation
Nuclear Threat Initiative
Ocean Policy Research Foundation
Office of Net Assessment, Office of the Secretary of Defense
Palantir Technologies Inc.
Perry Living Trust
Pershing Square Foundation
Peter and Devon Briger Foundation
Pew Charitable Trusts
PharmAthene, Inc
Ploughshares Fund
The Potomac Foundation
Quang X. Pham Foundation
Raytheon Company
Red Lion Foundation
Renaissance Strategic Advisors
Roberti and Associates
Rockefeller Brothers Fund
The Rockefeller Foundation
The Russell Foundation
Sandler Family Foundation
Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC)
Sembcorp-Sabine Shipyards, Inc.
Smith Richardson Foundation, Inc.
Starr Foundation
Stone Point Capital
Stoney Key Partners
STT Communications
The Tauri Group
Temasek Corporation
Textron Charitable Trust
Tiber Creek Partners LLC
Tides Foundation
United Overseas Bank Limited
United Parcel Service
United States Air Force
United States Army
United States Marine Corps
United States Navy
United States Navy, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
VT Systems
Zak Family Charitable Trust
http://www.cnas.org/support
"Coalition of the Shilling" Media Capture
"On February 25 journalist Thomas Ricks published an important scoop on his blog at ForeignPolicy.com: Army Gen. Raymond Odierno, the top US commander in Iraq, had requested keeping a brigade in northern Iraq beyond President Obama's deadline for the withdrawal of combat forces. The timing of the story was intriguing. Just two days earlier, Ricks had published an op-ed in the New York Times calling for US troops to remain in Iraq long term. "I think leaders in both countries may come to recognize that the best way to deter a return to civil war is to find a way to keep 30,000 to 50,000 United States service members in Iraq for many years to come," he wrote. The op-ed coincided with a policy brief by Ricks issued by the Center for a New American Security (CNAS), the Washington think tank where he is a senior fellow."
"Indeed, the presence of journalists on the payrolls of think tanks is crucial to their clout, lending them the imprimatur of neutral, nonpartisan news organizations. Since its founding in 2007, CNAS has played host to a string of reporters from major US newspapers: Ricks worked on his most recent book, The Gamble, at CNAS; Post reporter Greg Jaffe and former New York Times reporter David Cloud worked on The Fourth Star, a book profiling four Army leaders, while in residence; Thom Shanker and Eric Schmitt, veteran military and intelligence reporters for the Times, are researching a book on counterterrorism there. And CNAS isn't the only place where national security reporters have set up shop. Times military correspondent Michael Gordon is a senior fellow at the Institute for the Study of War (ISW), a new think tank founded by Kimberly Kagan, the wife of Fred Kagan of the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) and a cheerleader for the "surge" strategies in Iraq and Afghanistan."
"The perception of neutrality serves think tanks like CNAS well in other respects. In a December 21 opinion piece for CBS News, CNAS president and counterinsurgency advocate John Nagl and senior fellow Richard Fontaine wrote about the unprecedented role contractors play on the battlefield. While the authors pointed to some of the obvious problems of outsourcing defense, they reached a stunning conclusion. "When our nation goes to war, contractors go with it," they wrote. "We must get on with the task of adapting to this reality.""
"That opinion piece--which followed the release of a CNAS report on wartime contracting--put the think tank's stamp of approval on government outsourcing. CNAS says that corporate and individual donors don't fund individual projects, but CBS failed to mention that companies like KBR were contributing to CNAS's general fund. In an e-mail, CNAS CEO Nathaniel Fick confirmed that KBR had donated $200,000 (as of press time, KBR was not mentioned on its list of donors), and that the center is currently soliciting support from Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, DynCorp and Fluor, all companies that are in the business of "expeditionary support" contracting."
http://www.thenation.com/article/coalition-shilling
why would the obama administration pick some of the CNAS members up as part of the administration if they were a militaristic front? that would imply that the obama administration is either completely out of it or that they are too part of that front
Rejoin to the "reality-based" perspective, Tom. More Fun Here.
i'm going to guess this isn't the first anomaly of the Afghan War. While Jonathan Alter might be an Obama lackey, his recent Newsweek excerpt on the "Obama War Room" discussions was enlightening. It is apparent that Petraeus, the intellectually pompous tactician that he is becoming, extrapolates far too extensively from his Iraq experience. The idea that a 10 year Afghanistan "nation-building" (how arrogant?) project might succeed is no less hubristic than the Iraq democracy project (if anyone in the Bush admin, besides dubya himself, ever really planned one). While I've totally changed my mind about this war, that axiom about the "last war" never seemed so relevant. Might wanna learn it, Tom. And share an opinion on this war once in a while--rather than continuing your righteous bashing of the last one. The contrast with your straight reporting on the Afghan War is disappointing. You may turn out wrong on both counts. Even your Iraq headlines portray an opinion. Digging through your Afghanistan posts gives me no "Best Defense" perspective at all. Still, props to the best military blog I've encountered. Most people here know far more than I do, especially about military affairs. Enjoy the respectful dialogue.
The advantage of carrying more rounds
The advantage of carrying twice as many rounds is lost if 'arf of yer bullets fly wide in the ditch'. Which is where generous portions of rapid fire usually goes. If our many rounds won't carry, and our men are over-geared, then only the lightly equipped 'cheaper man' gets the full advantage of elevated fire in the mtns., and sniping across broad agricultural expanses.
I read that our 1776 colonials fielded more rifles in our formations than the Redcoats, whose doctrine relied on massed fire and ease of reloading muskets. Even the Hessian Jaegers carried light, short-barreled rifles that were outranged by hunting pieces. Like Howe's redcoats, we seek to close and kill; like colonial militias, they seek to harass and evade, until the cost of campaigning wears us out.
By the time TR's regiment left their mounts behind and accepted contemporary US Army rifles, they found that the Spanish had the concealment advantage of smokeless powder. Nasty awakening on the day of battle, but what's being sold is not really a secret.
Of 100,000 men deployed in Afghanistan, how many are regularly engaged in dismounted fire, movement, clearing bldgs, vs training, base ops and route security? 20-30K?
The number or cost of battle rifles is not really an issue, given a $60B annual budget for this inland war in central Asia. We could give every man over there a quiver of 3 rifles to choose from, and a rifle wallah to carry and clean his spare, with no appreciable difference in cost, or Xe profit margins.
Walking Wounded - generally speaking, a unit should be able to tell if their enemy has shooters with optically equipped rifles by the amount and frequency of head and mid torso shots taken by friendly forces, but that's a differant issue we can deal with, with our own sniper teams.
If the debate is about range, unless something has changed with the AKM design, and it's tangent rear sight I'm unaware of, the Taliban ain't hitting anything from beyond 300 meters with frequency either. In addition, most individuals shooting down slope (or up) from great distance with open sights will generally shot high - it's an anomaly. The shooter must hold low or know how to "dope the slope" with his/her sights.
As I said previously: I think we could field a better rifle, but this issue may be much to do about very little.
This seems to be a normal facet of warfare
This is very reminiscent of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. The French were armed with the new Model 1866 Infantry rifle (the Chassepot) that had an effective range of 1000 yards. Thoroughly outclassing the Prussian Dreyse Zündnadelgewehr, which was effective up to around 400-600 yards. State of the art in 1841, the needle rifle was showing its age by 1870. The French bullets, jacketed in linen instead of paper, were smaller (11mm as opposed to the Prussian 14mm). A French infantryman carried 105 rounds while his Prussian counterpart carried only 70. The Prussians, however, made up for this imbalance with tactics & modern, breech loading Krupps artillery. Also, the Sovs in Afghanistan found that often the main armament on their armored vehicles could not elevate high enough to be employed against the Muj in the mountains, the ZSU-23-4 ADA gun, with its -4° to +85° elevation, became a mainstay in the bronegruppa.
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Behind the problem of using the last war's weapons all the time is the lack of flexibility in the US weapon procurement system.
Because the companies that the government deal with are always trying to screw every last cent out of them the government has to be overly specific when ordering materiel.
When the Soviets manufactured T-34s during WWII they instituted a rule that no change could be made in the production process unless it was cost neutral or cheaper and improved the finished product. The result was a vehicle that was so robust that it could lie at the bottom of a bog for forty years and run again with no problem after a quick clean.
The government should be able to tell its' munition suppliers that it needs x thousand weapons with a longer range at a lower unit price in six months and leave them to get on with it. US industry has always been effective at producing quality products but has become less and less efficient at giving value for money.
By the way the Afghans wouldn't be shooting at you if you just bribed them to keep Al Queda out and went home.
Your are correct Hairy, the military has tried to get better, and in some ways it has, but what you described is called "military specs", that is why at one point in time the military paid $400 for a toilet seat, and $600 for a screwdriver. The specs were so detailed, and the contracts specified penalties for not meeting them, that the only way for companies who produced these items to mitigage risk and make a profit was to have those crazy prices.
US Afghan mission was doomed to fail from very beginning
It is not the long range Taliban guns that will cause the failure of US mission in Afghanistan.
Death knell of US mission in Afghanistan was sounded when US recruited the creator of Taliban i.e. Pakistan for help. UN report on Bhutto killing released on 4/15/10 noted that "The PAKISTANI MILITARY ORGANIZED AND SUPPORTED THE TALIBAN TO TAKE CONTROL OF AFGHANISTAN IN 1996“.
Musharraf was forced to join this US fight against his own wishes but under the threat of ‘dire consequences’ by Richard Armitage. So Musharraf fooled Bush administration by ’running with the hares while hunting with the hounds’ while milking Uncle Sam in the process. Current Pakistani government has continued that policy.
Three Bush blunders haunt US Afghan mission:
First, during the siege of Kunduz in November 2001, the Bush administration allowed Pakistan to spirit away by airlift hundreds, if not thousands, of Taliban operatives cornered by the advancing Northern Alliance in Kunduz. Pakistan relocated those Taliban cadres including Mullah Mohammed Omar in Quetta, the provincial capital of Baluchistan from where Mullah Omar’s QST has been planning raids in Afghanistan ever since.
‘Quetta Shura Taliban (QST) based in Quetta, the provincial capital of Baluchistan, is the No. 1 threat to US/NATO mission in Afghanistan. At the operational level, the Quetta Shura conducts a formal campaign review each winter, after which Mullah Mohammed Omar (Afghan Taliban Chief) announces his guidance and intent for the coming year‘ as General McChrystal narrated in his August, 2009 report to President Obama. But US can not even use its drones to destroy QST that is causing daily deaths of US/NATO soldiers in Afghanistan since 2002!
Second, Bush administration did NOT provide sufficient troops to secure Afghanistan against Taliban because so many US troops were tied down in Iraq to destroy Saddam‘s imaginary weapons of mass destruction.
Third, Bush put blind faith in Musharraf’s Pakistan to fight the very terrorist threat that Pakistan itself created. Musharraf continued to shelter, protect and support Mullah Mohammed Omar’s Quetta Shura Taliban in Quetta, provincial capital of Baluchistan and Haqqani network in North Waziristan. Bush naively tolerated such a duplicitous Musharraf game.
Obama continued Bush mollycoddling of Pakistan at the expense of Afghanistan.
With an ally like Pakistan, US Afghan mission was headed for failure from day one no matter how much effort, money and manpower US pours there.
It was a long, hard fight to get the Marine Corps to drop their identity/pride nonsense and adopt the M4 as a far more useful weapon based on the notion that, with mankind's trend toward urbanization, urban warfare would increasingly be the norm and engagements beyond 300m are rare therein. The short length of the M4 is touted as a plus for vehicle crewman, but the far less nichey reason to issue it is that the M16 is a 39" piece of junk in the urban environment that is liable to get you killed when you attempt to clear a closet and your muzzle slams into the wall, or when you can't fit your body and weapon perpendicular to a hallway so as to aim down a 90 degree turn, or when you're clearing a restroom and are reduced to slinging the rifle and pulling out your M9.
I would see it as a sad regression that would mostly benefit the dinosaurs of the military to return to a longer service rifle as a result of the current range difficulties. Such complications are likely to be around as long as we have a global military, because no weapon fits all. However, small and short weapons are superior in most of the conflicts we'll probably fight in. To ameliorate the Afghanistan problem, perhaps the military can issue more DMRs and stop treating marksmanship seriously only in boot camp. As it stands now, boot camp is good marksmanship training, but after that there is no systematic enforcement of it as long as the ammo is free-flowing and infantryman can be made to carry hundreds of rounds with no consideration for mobility.
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