It's a common complaint among big thinkers that the United States lacks a strategy. But Mark Lewis, who advises senior government officials on national security, recently commented in a note to several friends that we do have a grand strategy, that it is laid out in a document, and that it has been in place for more than two centuries: The Constitution of the United States.

"What if -- just what if -- our grand strategy is internally focused, not externally focused?" he asked. "What if it's the Constitution and every effort since then to remain consistent with those founding principles is our strategy? Some of those efforts manifest themselves in the way we engage the rest of the world."

He added, "The Preamble describes the end state, and the Articles and Amendments describe how to organize the elements of national power to achieve it. I think the key is the enduring principles, but the ability to adapt over time as conditions change."

Meanwhile, my friend John Byron, a retired Navy submariner, poses a related strategic question: Might we be better off fighting them here instead of aggravating them there?:

As we continue to get nowhere in Afghanistan (a war to end terrorism) and have no end in sight, isn't it time to explore the contrast between the successes of the law-enforcement approach to potential acts of terrorism in the U.S. and the dubious efficacy of our military efforts to do the same?

On one hand, we rooted out the Taliban and removed Al Qaeda's safe haven. On the other, we've certainly made many more terrorists worldwide than we've eliminated in the Middle East. And what of the alternative uses of the incredible sums of money we are spending to help our friend Hamid Karzai: how much better would it be to apply even a fraction of this sum to counter terrorism directly in the U.S.?

Strategy is choice-taking. We've chosen to fight terrorists where they might live in a future time rather than where we do live now. Is this the sound strategic choice? You've done a great job of juxtaposing HIC vs LIC in your blog. Now how about the trade-offs between military action there and direct counter-terrorism at the target sites. 

blog.usa.gov

 
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JJH722

2:38 PM ET

May 5, 2010

I think Abe would agree

I think that's a great idea with a lot of merit to it. I would only add to it the Declaration of Independence. All you need to do is look at all of the Declarations and Constitutions internationally in the past 200 years that are blatant ripoffs of our own to recognize the importance of our founding documents. If you read Abraham Lincoln's speeches through his career, he would agree with the idea that American grand strategy is totally dependent on internal politics. The "last, best hope of earth" idea appears in his oratory a few times. Good quote at the end, too.

 

TYRTAIOS

5:10 PM ET

May 5, 2010

Speaking of Ripoffs

One might also look at the Six Nations of the Iroquios and think perhaps our founding fathers ripped off much of our consititution from them. I do believe I have been told the chiefs of each tribe composing the Six Nations were also invited to speek at the Continental Congress.

A problem always arises when one doesn't practice what they preach.

 

JPWREL

3:14 PM ET

May 5, 2010

RD’s comments are logical, in

RD’s comments are logical, in tune with the country’s basic principles, and probably would be more tactically effective in fighting terrorism. They are also completely unacceptable to the right-wing tea party style demagogues who delight in defining American national security interests through the warped lens of their crackpot ideology.

 

JJH722

3:18 PM ET

May 5, 2010

i didn't realize glenn beck acolytes posted here

are you serious, anonymous10? if you really want to go back to the world of upton sinclair's The Jungle then by all means continue your archaic crusade. If not, I'd get with the program and realize that industrial society requires big government. sorry to ruin your party, but glenn beck is not a prophetic thinker, and Calvin Coolidge wasn't a great President. Even though your proposed law is absurd (a redundant repetition of the court system's prerogative) all Congress would have to do is cite the commerce clause. Maybe the Founding Fathers didn't know about cars, but they wrote what they wrote about that damned interstate commerce. SORRY!

 

ZATHRAS

3:27 PM ET

May 5, 2010

Two questions

Mr. Lewis expresses a lovely sentiment. What does it mean?

Mr. Byron hints at the idea that nothing could be worse than the way we are fighting terrorism now; why not accept a few terrorist attacks on American soil, bury the dead and keep our chins up, and hope our moral force forces terrorism to wither away. The question is how long he expects that idea would last after a second 9/11, or even a less serious strike against civilians?

Inertia is the most powerful force in human affairs, and I'm afraid the United States generated powerful inertia behind Islamist terrorism when it invaded Iraq and then tread water there for years. One could argue the Iraq war was about fighting terrorists there so we wouldn't have to fight them here; a prominent advocate of the war made precisely that argument on more than one occasion. However, given that the argument was in that instance completely wrong -- Iraq had nothing to do with 9/11, and the terrorists who fought us there would not have done so had we not invaded the place -- I'm not sure the results it produced tell us very much about the merits of fighting genuine international terrorists and their known sponsors overseas as opposed to letting them hit us and seeing whether that gets terrorism out of their system.

 

JPWREL

3:59 PM ET

May 5, 2010

ZATHRAS

By my reading letting terrorists hit us then deal with them is not what RD is suggesting. He can gong me if I am wrong but my take is that we have a right of self defense and if we can use the combination of intelligence, live reconnaissance, UAV’s, Special Operations forces, to discreetly target and destroy terrorists he has no complaint. He sensibly points out that invading and occupying quarter of a million square miles sized counties with formidable terrain and cultures barely recognizable to us is not only ineffective but in the long run counter-productive, makes sense to me.

 

ZATHRAS

5:57 PM ET

May 5, 2010

Inertia

That's fine, but it runs again into that problem of inertia. One could well argue that America and its allies should have withdrawn from Afghanistan after the Taliban government was destroyed and al Qaeda's leadership decimated -- or, less credibly, that Afghanistan should never have been invaded in the first place.

But the deed is done. The train has left the station. The ship has sailed, the milk has spilled, the water is over the dam. We are in Afghanistan now, and however interesting may be the question of whether we should be there or not it is not the relevant one. The relevant question is what happens if we leave now -- or leave, as the Obama administration has indicated it wants to, in the middle of next year. Does fighting terrorism well away from American shores become easier or more difficult? Are Islamist terrorists likely to find recruitment and motivation more difficult to come by (because the Americans are no longer in a Muslim country), or less (because potential recruits will believe claims that the superpower has withdrawn in defeat before the jihadis, and is still present in one form or another in many other Muslim countries)? Is Pakistani support of terrorist groups likely to decrease or increase?

The original justification for the Afghan invasion was self-defense. It succeeded in those terms as far as the United States is concerned, but the ancillary costs of trying to build an Afghan government and maintain security in a backward country with a violence-prone culture have proven very high. We may well find that the time to succeed in the nation-building effort, if there ever was one, has passed, but given the unidirectional nature of the time continuum we can't return to a situation in which we never invaded Afghanistan and are therefore able to consider whether doing so or not is the best way to practice self-defense against terrorism.

 

JPWREL

6:19 PM ET

May 5, 2010

Granted, you make many solid

Granted, you make many solid points but in my view what we are in fact doing in Afghanistan is the classic error of reinforcing failure. It reminds me of my Wall Street days observing an equity trader whose trade has gone bad and yet cannot accept that the original premise of the trade is no longer valid (it may never had been valid) and continues to average down on a losing position in the ‘hope’ of a different result and the return to profitability. After our defeat in Vietnam America remain the most powerful country in the world and after our withdrawal from the fiasco in Afghanistan we will continue to be the most powerful country in the world. And the reality of that power is what those who would wish us ill will be forced to confront. Perhaps, we may actually learn something from these absurd experiments in Iraq and Afghanistan that power not used wisely is better not used at all.

 

STEVE358

11:01 AM ET

May 6, 2010

Two simultaneous consistent messages

First, the Constitution generally did not provide for a world-wide nation-building effort, and therefore, we had no such structure or capability, and still do not have one.

Second, once the decision was made in Afghanistan (sometime around 2007) that the solution should be national-building, we forgot to take into account that we had no capability for that, and it would be a multigenerational effort costing hundreds of billions---like trying to plant grass on sand.

Strategy is not choice-taking. Planning & informed and bounded decision-making is about choice-making, after considering resources, options, and trade-offs.

Strategy is about implementation, after planning has set the framework for decision-making.

Choice taking without credible planning or informed decision-making is what they do on the Las Vegas strip. It is not strategy.

 

ADMIRAL

3:43 PM ET

May 5, 2010

"Big Thinkers"

Please. What a completely stupid term.

 

JJH722

6:13 PM ET

May 5, 2010

agreed. unless used

agreed. unless used pejoratively.

 

HUNTER

6:48 PM ET

May 5, 2010

Don't worry Admiral

You'll never be accused of being one of those.

 

RUBBER DUCKY

5:37 PM ET

May 5, 2010

The military's problem

The problem we have with the US military is that it is competent, ready, and obedient. Take that hill? Can do easy? Invade Iraq? Say the word. Screw around in Afghanistan for years and decades? Hey, sounds like a promotion circus - of course we will.

But. But applying a military solution to a political problem usually leaves the political problem unsolved or even, as in our two current wars, metastasized into an even bigger political problem. Somehow we've morphed a desire to protect the homeland into a desire to reshape a global culture. Maybe the right (and strategic) thing to do now is back off on global do-good-ism and concentrate on Mission One, protecting the homeland. The tools for that may better come from the law-enforcement/intel side of things than the blow-'em-up military approach. It's a strategic issue that we've managed to muffle. Thus I raise it as a binary choice.

 

JPWREL

5:41 PM ET

May 5, 2010

Don Bacon

You know Colin Powell is an interesting guy who in a city of mouth foaming lunatics is a rational breath of fresh air. The quote you use is a reflection of that wisdom and reflection Powell is renown for. However, when he had the chance to speak up and stand by his principles as Sec. of State (2001-2005) he chose not to do so. He in fact allowed his good name to be besmirched by wittingly become a co-conspirator in the invasion of Iraq based upon Bush and Cheney’s manipulative bullshit. He also stood aside while Afghanistan degenerated into the mess it is today. Like many military types he is likely physically very brave and would lead his men into the teeth of hell but when it comes to moral courage the perks of office look more attractive.

 

HUNTER

6:58 PM ET

May 5, 2010

Powell

I think you do Powell a disservice. He certainly made a tragic mistake, but lets be honest, the entire world thought that SH had WMDs. Pick any intelligence service and they probably had enough evidence to concur. Now some of this goes to groupthink and finding only the evidence you want to find. I for one think there probably was plenty of WMDs (which are now likely safely esconced in Syria) but all of that is immaterial because they weren't there when we got there.

But Powell did besmirch himself. No question he will be forever tainted. But there is a difference in simple and willful negligence. I think he falls into the former rather than the latter category.

You say "but when it comes to moral courage the perks of office look more attractive." I don't for a minute believe he was in that office for the perks - he proved otherwise when he left immediately at the start of the 2nd term. I think he was convinced by his handlers that the facts were there, and because of his sterling reputation he was chosen to present those "facts" to the UN. A sad chapter in U.S and his personal history; but no impugnment on his moral courage, please.

 

JJH722

1:08 AM ET

May 6, 2010

no more wars without ironclad evidence

I dont know if I agree. Have you read about the source "Curveball"? There was clearly a deliberate misinformation campaign at work. The same "groupthink" (also subtly misleading) is occurring now with Iran. If the Iranians are building a weapon, why can't we see the evidence? it's because there is none. The Iranians clearly want to master the enrichment process and acquire a nuclear weapons capability. But how do we justify destroying an enrichment program that generally meets international standards? That's just it: we can't, so we keep raising the specter of a non-existent weapons program to justify this crusade. Ahmadinejad makes it pretty clear that the Iranians don't need nukes: the prospect of gulf oil flows being disrupted and violence against US/US allied troops ranging from Hebron to Quetta is enough to deter the US.

 

WALKING WOUNDED

6:43 PM ET

May 5, 2010

The contract is guarded by the vote, which relies on

My Constitutional contract is guarded by the vote, which relies on the information, provided chiefly by the... contractor?

According to practitioners, military and diplomatic classification is used chiefly to keep embarrassing and incriminating information from threatening the power of officeholders and continuance of rice-bowl policies. A congressman whose knowledge and activity is restricted to fundraising and the practice of incumbency is worse than useless.
--
"Educate and inform the whole mass of the people... They are the only sure reliance for the preservation of our liberty. "

"He who knows best knows how little he knows."

"How much pain they have cost us, the evils which have never happened."

"Advertisements contain the only truths to be relied on in a newspaper. "
Thomas Jefferson

 

SOLDIERSDIARY

7:06 PM ET

May 5, 2010

NSS

Some thoughts: We do have a national documents that lay out the strategy, specifically the NSS. Lack of a grand-strategy that can last more than 8 years is a result of our democratic system, you could even argue that our strategic direction changes every two years. I would also say, if you read current and former NSS documents, they really don't change all too much. Strategy must always be reassessed and adjusted (which compliments our democratic system). Without changes and evaluation, you have a flawed strategy (See Strategic NET Assessment), even the constitution has changed as necessary with the amendments.
If you want long term planning, look at the wonderful job the Chinese and Soviets did in their plans.
-On the founding fathers, before people you say the intentions, be sure to specify whose...Those of Hamilton, Adams, and Washington were much different than those of Jefferson and Madison. This whole large/small governement argument has been going on for over 200 years.

 

HUNTER

7:10 PM ET

May 5, 2010

Fighting them over here instead of there.

I love the idea of the Constitution as grand strategy.

But there is a real problem with the fight them over here vs there strategy. That problem is that our sheep don't care for sheepdogs. They sure as hell don't want them patrolling the streets of America. Of course there is the small but significant matter of posse comitatus too.

Our sheep are also quite proud to see their military sheepdogs go off and do dirty business half a world away - as long as they don't have to worry too much about it. Mustn't get in the way of our American Idol results, please.

If we pulled back in isolationist fashion it would necessitate a beefing up of our Homeland defense that I think most sheep would feel quite uncomfortable with. You need only look to the hew and cry over Arizona's anti-immigrant measures to see a taste of what would come if we were to go on the defense. Every security measure would violate some civili right or offend some subset of the population.

Also take as an example the notorious stupidity and ineffectiveness of just one example of our Homeland Defense force, the TSA, whose bright bulb policies have countered our dangerous shoes (after the fact) and shampoo bottles (after the fact) and are working on the underwear issues (after the fact) and couldn't catch the Times Square bomber until...you guessed it after the fact.

I'd love to not have to employ our wonderful military force - might save me from a future deployment - just not sure it is in the realm of the possible.

 

WALKING WOUNDED

4:15 PM ET

May 6, 2010

over there, long war, ever-war

It's a fine pickle were in. The baddies are clearly in Pakistan, whose ruling military and proliferating nuclear establishment is known to have a deep historical islamist agenda against India. But the more we war over there, the more collateral, and the more likelihood that our substantial number of Central/S. Asian immigrants will yield lone-wolf types who respond in a Tim McVeigh mode.

As a result of several notorious attacks this year, scrutiny of US moslems will increase, and a fraction with wonky papers will go off the grid. I gauge both attacks as achieving the same sort of public notoriety that a more destructive result would have achieved. In that sense, they were successful; the info-blast effect was substantial.

Any attack should generate countermeasures intended to prevent future attacks. A truly successful attack sets conditions or generates a response that weakens the foe, or strengthens the homeland.

Are we weaker or stronger than we were in 2001? Has our Constitution been protected, or eroded? Any discussion of US gov't that doesn't mention the National Security State form put into effect during WW2/Korean War/Cold Wars, and amplified after 9/11, is poorly informed.

 

HUNTER

5:49 PM ET

May 6, 2010

On Terrorism

JT you make some good points. I just wonder how much liberty one has to give up to get that security? Let's assume that we don't have a bare butt, it may be covered, it may present a little better target than the rest of our plate armor and chain mail. How much armor do you add? I will tell you by way of the IED example; they always build a bigger, more insidious bomb. You can't defeat those bombs when they are blowing up - the only way to win is to attack the network "left of boom."

Having said that...I hate the word terrorism. It had some meaning long ago but it is now so abused and misused that it is meaningless. Clausewitz said "war is diplomacy by other means." Isn't terrorism just the corrolary "terrorism is war by other means." At this point there is no good reason to delineate between war and terrorism. The net results are the same. Pedantic? Sure, but words have meaning, and we use them incorrectly to our own detriment.

 

RUBBER DUCKY

11:50 AM ET

May 7, 2010

Hey!

And we could pay or these sensible, necessary, critically important domestic measures with the money we've been wasting in Afghanistan and Iraq! And pocket the change. Or use it to rebuild the military to be ready for a genuine military threat and knock off this nation-building crap.

 

SCOTT WEDMAN

9:26 PM ET

May 5, 2010

Realists would agree

This is an argument that I think most self-described realists in academic international relations would agree with, though they would probably say the imperative comes from the logic of international politics, not from anything necessarily exceptional about the United States.

 

TIMRCARPENTER

12:51 AM ET

May 6, 2010

brilliant or cop-out?

I vaciliating between brilliant and cop-out on the point that the constitution is a grand strategy document. In some ways, it is really insightful. Empires are really just cabals of rich men banding together to take more land and resources to make themselves richer. The republic, by defining itself as by, of, and for the people, creates an imperative to take care of one's own, since they get a vote, rather than use them as cannon fodder to enrich the elite. Therefore, our foreign policy is to preserve those principles. How best to do that, isolation vs. engagement, etc. is a matter of policy.
But really, when you are speaking on that kind of ontological level, it's a bit of a cop-out. Yes, a democratic nation has different imperatives than an empire, but that leaves the door wide open on what strategy to employ to achieve those imperatives. Those policy decisions about isolation vs. engagement are what grand strategy is all about!
Perhaps he means that as a democracy we are doomed to continuously debate our grand strategy since no cabal will ever stay permanently in power and public opinion evolves over time. But really, that gives us the flexibility to change our strategy, and therefore outlast the rigid old empires.

 

WALKING WOUNDED

5:25 AM ET

May 7, 2010

nukes for Utah?

I'm agin it.
They intend to rule us all.

 

BORN TO RUN

9:37 AM ET

May 6, 2010

For a good read on CT vs. COIN...

Get your hands on: Michael J. Boyle, "Do Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency Go Together?" International Affairs, Volume 86 Issue 2 (March 2010).

 

JOHNHUNT

4:36 AM ET

May 7, 2010

Don't Judge Before The Waziristans are Under Control

The primary reason why the Afghan conflict is going on for so long is that they are allowed a safe haven in the Waziristans. But, after 8 years, the Pakistani government has finally gone into South Waziristan and are doing a fairly good job there. When they finally decide that they need to go into North Waziristan then the major unmolested bases for gihadists will be removed. It will surprise the doomsayers that we'll turn the corner (as we did in Iraq) and that attacks in Afghanistan and Pakistan will significantly diminish within the following year. Give it another couple years of time and the Afghan and Pakistani governments will have fairly strong presence throughout their countries and we've found, hopefully, a long-term solution.

 

RUBBER DUCKY

9:41 AM ET

May 7, 2010

Times Square

The latest terrorist attack on the United States seems to have been based from Pakistan. Geez, we're fighting terrorism in the wrong countries!

Or maybe we should pay a bit of attention to the fact that this attack was foiled, and by law enforcement and alert citizens and not by the might of the US military.

And also to the second fact, that surely it was our military action that converted a US citizen into a terrorist.

So we spend 4000 American lives and hundreds of billions of dollars ... and the end result is the creation of terrorists among our own population.

Politically the right thing to do is keep fighting militarily until we stop. Strategically, though, perhaps the right thing to do is just stop. Using military means to solve a political problem is always a poor grand strategy.

 

Thomas E. Ricks covered the U.S. military for the Washington Post from 2000 through 2008.

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