Next, COIN thinker David Kilcullen offers these helpful ways of measuring local security forces.

  • "Kill ratio." Body counts stink. But the ratio of enemy killed vs. security forces killed may tell you how aggressive and confident an Afghan unit is. Note that you must handle these numbers very carefully. Kills caused by indirect fires such as mortars and artillery must be excluded. And be careful of civilian casualties. Pare this ratio down to its essential core, he says: Count only confirmed kills or captures directly inflicted by the unit on positively identified insurgents who were engaged in combat at the time. Even then, the ratio is only useful when interpreted alongside other information.
  • "Win/loss ratio." Another well duh metric. But don't pay attention to the overall number, but instead to the trend. And don't count actions won by bringing in allied units, or air strikes or artillery.
  • "Kill versus wound/capture ratio." A unit that is killing more than one person for every three to five wounded or captured may be executing people or posthumously defining dead civilians as the enemy. "[A]s an indicator of possible security force brutality this needs to be tracked."
  • "Detainee guilt ratio." This is an ingenious way to track the quality of an ‘Afghan unit:  Track how many of their busts turned out to be righteous. A low rate can be counterproductive and be driving military age males toward the Taliban. Conversely, a high rate indicates a unit that is getting good intelligence and so probably gaining the confidence of the local population.
  • "Recruitment versus desertion rates." Despite huge recruitment efforts, Afghan security forces in the south actually shrank last summer, he says. But don't worry about AWOL rates, because soldiers go home to deliver their pay.
  • "Proportion of ghost employees." Pay attention to the trends.
  • "Duration of operations," "night operations" "small unit operations" and "dismounted operations." Four good indicators. A unit that only does single day operations and then comes home to its fort is a unit lacking confidence or energy. Conversely, a unit that conducts multi-day operations, staying among the people, or operates a lot a night, is a unit that feels confident in its environment. Night operations in particular can help a population feel safe, if they intended to protect the people rather than scare them. Units that break out into smaller operations are showing more confidence and covering more areas. Units that are comfortable operating on foot are more among the people, especially in a country that has many roadless areas.
  • "Combined action operations." Army and police units working together, and cooperating also with coalition forces, is a good sign.
  • "Driving technique." The worse a unit drives around people, usually the worse its relationship with the people. (Tom: I think this like many of his observations in this section, applies to our own forces as well.)
  • "Reliance on air and artillery support." Calling Keith Marine!
  • "Pattern setting and telegraphing moves to the enemy." The first is usually bad. Surprisingly, the second isn't. Kilcullen says that calling ahead and warning a local valley about a move is very much in the Afghan tradition, and that the Taliban tends to seek permission before moving into a village. So, he says, it is sometimes appropriate to say that if the Taliban doesn't leave a valley in 10 days, we might be forced to come in.
  • "Possession of the high ground at dawn." Who is up there, the Afghan security forces or the Taliban? This is one of the eternal verities.

JOEL SAGET/AFP/Getty Images

 

GROUNDPOUNDER

1:10 PM ET

February 11, 2010

Why is Common Sense so Uncommon in the U.S. Military?

The only logical answer that I can come up with is lousy leadership on the part of senior military leaders! Fact is, most senior field grade and almost all general grade officers in todays military, don't know squat about so-called war fighting! And it's no wonder when you consider that they've never been in a freaking firefight, or even heard the sound of a round fired in anger. Yet these same inexperienced chair borne rangers are signing off on idiotic tactics and strategies that even a salty Lance Corporal leading a Marine fire team wouldn't employ! And the very same gross stupidity and ignorance that continually causes unnecessary combat deaths, also drives good officers, NCOs and men and women out of the armed forces in droves. Thus the cycle of stupidity is never broken! And all mission statements, feasibility studies, position papers, after action reports and lessons learned aren't going to change a f**king thing if the guys and gals calling the shots have never had their asses in the dirt!

 

HUNTER

2:09 PM ET

February 11, 2010

ADMIRAL?

IS THAT YOU?

Groundpounder please find another bridge to troll under. You're posts are uniformly rude and uninformed.

 

GROUNDPOUNDER

4:41 PM ET

February 11, 2010

Spoken Like a Tue L.I.F.E.R: Yes Sir, Yes Sir, Three Bags Full!

Is that your best shot? Thank you for making my point! In the U.S Military anyone who doesn't drink DOD's brew of Kool-Aid and thoughtlessly tote the company line is a fill-in-the-blank. Creative approaches to problem solving are stifled at every turn by gutless, spineless brown-nosers, sycophants and lackeys, who wouldn't make a pimple on a Coast Guard Recruit's ass! Does the term "risk adverse" ring a bell with you, sport?

 

ANDY764383

3:04 AM ET

February 12, 2010

I agree

Something happens to an officer from the time he is an O-5 until he becomes an O-6 and up. I think the formal name for it is Ambition Induced Stupidity Syndrome. AISS is the military acronym (to pronounce correctly, the I is silent). Very few officers can overcome this syndrome but some do succeed. Petraeus did. McMaster did. Most don't though. The most prominent of those who didn't in recent history is Tommy Franks and George Casey. Until he died, David Hackworth wrote elegantly about this syndrome, but I don't recall if he called it that.

 

GROUNDPOUNDER

10:06 AM ET

February 12, 2010

Amen!

I'm no fan of the current CENTCOM CINC, but you're absolutely correct about everything else, especially Hack! Back in the early 80s, I'd swear that the Army mandated that all captains selected for promotion get a full frontal lobotomy before they were allowed to pin on their golden oak leaves!

 

TYRTAIOS

7:21 PM ET

February 11, 2010

Afghan Army Leadership?

All that the professor speaks to is certainly worth addressing. And there can be no doubt; this is the cornerstone, besides good governance, that our strategy in Afghanistan will depend on - the Afghan army.

Besides the factionalism the Soviets found, which surely hasn’t disappeared, I would ask if we have thought who will be leading the Afghan soldier? That is also measurement indicator (I'm not on the metric system).

I've more than a hunch Kabul sets a tone for selection based on ethnicity and personal connections, and the average Afghan unit is poorly lead with a few exceptions.

In addition, I recognize certain individuals don't like hearing about the Vietnam experience. Ok, I'll keep it to a minimum: the best and most competent organization in Vietnam (all SE Asia) was the Vietnamese Marine Corps. This didn't happen by accident. The United States Marine Corps chose some of the best to advise and support them and saw to it, a tour as a COVAN (trusted advisor) was not a career roadblock.

The leadership within the Vietnamese Marines which oversaw recruitment, training and promotion, was also superb. This didn't happen by accident either.

All that David Kilcullen offers forward that we've read through Tom's blog will be for naught, if we don't have a competently lead Aghan Army to take over - that is the idea isn't it - Afghanazation?

 

JPWREL

12:06 PM ET

February 12, 2010

The SV Marines did certainly

The SV Marines did certainly have a better reputation than the SV Army but in the end they collapsed just as completely as did the ARVN when the s--t hit the proverbial fan. Up in Danag there were a lot of SV Marines that were throwing women and children out of American transport aircraft so they could flee instead. Basically, puppet troops like these were only good if constantly propped up by their American sponsors. Certainly, no match for dedicated NVA with the scent of victory in their nostrils. My purely speculative guess is that the Iraqi Army and the Afghan Army will in the long run be little different.

 

TYRTAIOS

1:28 PM ET

February 12, 2010

Revised History?

JPWREL - Part and parcel for the hastening of the probably eventual collapse was that the Saigon government moved the S. Vietnamse Marines down south out of I Corps, which was tantamont to what Napleon's troops would have thought, had he recalled the Old Guard back to Paris - there was panic. The 4th Bn dug-in and awaited there fait, knowing they were buying their commandant time to evacutate families and as many of his Marines as he could.

You will never see such devotion in Afghanistan - it's all tribal old chum.

Again, I will reinforce what I previously stated: until the Afghan rank and file see that their top leadership is sacrificing as they are, and are lead by leaders commissioned/appointed on merit - there will be no competent ANA. Additionally, our trainers and advisors must be be assured there assignments are career building, and they must also live, sleep, and if necessary, fight with their Afghan unit.

This is one of the possible flaws in COIN. We may not be acknowledging the enevitable eventual collapse of Afganistan when we also leave - and leave we must. But we also must at least try - history need not repeat itself.

.

 

JPWREL

3:09 PM ET

February 12, 2010

Revised history? As I

Revised history? As I understand it the SV Marines were moved south from Quang Tri to the Danang area where they fought the NVA around their headquarters at Bo Tu Linh. As the ARVAN disintegrated they were left on their own and part of the survivors were evacuated by ship to Saigon. Many of the remaining elements got caught up with the riot at the air base during the evacuation. If I am wrong then I always invite correction.

 

TYRTAIOS

4:03 PM ET

February 12, 2010

Correct

I got ahead of myself. The two day battle took place west of Danang, and that is in I Corps - you are correct. I was off-shore, I won't be this time, it would seem. : |

 

HAIRYSTEVE20

9:49 PM ET

February 12, 2010

Fantasy

Can we reasonably talk about the army measuring realistic metrics when they are conducting fantasy offensives against non existent enemies in make believe towns?

The BBC and CNN are solemnly reporting a massive offensive against hundreds of die hard Taliban fighters in a large city of 100,000 people in Southern Helmand called Marjah.

Marjah has a population of less than 10,000, most of whom have left to stay with relatives. NATO have been making noises about 'attacking' for six months. The few dozen tribal lashkars are long gone. NATO will declare a great victory a few days from now and go back to base.

OK this is an exercise for gullible embedded journalists who will pose in front of a tank with their hard hats on breathlessly reporting a monumental event only comparable with D Day but do allied commanders believe any of it?

If they do then they may as well go home, if they don't are we really spending a million bucks a head for this kind of farce?

My point is are people seriously measuring and making conclusions from this kind of operation? British troops are dying further north in areas that were pacified years ago. Placing a few thousand troops in the middle of nowhere for a few days will achieve precisely nothing. For the cost of this offensive they could have bribed every tribe in Helmand for ten years to carry on with their traditional past times of feuding and smuggling and leave allied troops alone.

Why not just declare 'victory' and go home.

 

TYRTAIOS

12:19 AM ET

February 13, 2010

Reality vs Fantasy

You've perhaps heard of Dien Bien Phu? Truth be known, one underlying reason for inserting French forces there was because General Navarre among many reasons, most poorly thought out, understood the valley was at least, Ho Chi Minh's primary opium growing area in which he filled his coffers to continue the revolution.

Now there is absolutely no comparison expect for fact that Marjah is also a prime hub for opium production for the Taliban. As for your statement that the majority of the population has fled? That is not yet substantiated, since there has been a concerted effort to avoid, and prevent that. Thus the far in advance warning order of the impending operation, along with advance force special operations, which haven't been widely reported on.

The crux of the problem with irregular warfare is that feeble governments either have no ability or sometimes (like Pakistan) the inclination to address the insurgent that take over a district or town; by the time it reaches the point of being problematic for them, it is beyond a police matter and calls for military action. Too often that military actions is so overwhelming that it alienates the local population - it appears we understand the latter finally.

In addition, and importantly, it is an opportunity to find out where our Afghan Army counterpart's proficiency is, and whether they are up to the task or not - something worth finding out also, since they'll be alongside our forces.

Don't be such a nay sayer until we see how this operation shakes out. If it turns out that it was based on more wishful thinking than operational intelligence shaping the maneuver - I'll perhaps join you as a nay sayer.

Remember something: counter-insurgency is hard, and it's always been hard. American's have come to believe we can find the problem; fix it; and move on. It doesn't always work that way.

 

JPWREL

7:59 PM ET

February 13, 2010

TYRTAIOS, I think you have

TYRTAIOS, I think you have made a solid response to HairySteve20’s doubts about the effectiveness of ‘Operation Moshtarak’ now underway by British and American troops. We of course must give it the time it requires to play out. History generally teaches us that large conventional operations against insurgencies are rarely if ever decisive or even accretive to the larger mission but since all insurgencies have different characteristics and forms you are right we must wait and see.

The weak link here is not whether NATO forces can handle the job but whether the Afghan Army and police are capable of sustaining the success that the NATO troops achieve? From conversations with members our best special op’s units my impression is that for a host of reasons the Afghan Army cannot and likely never will be able to find their butts with both hands and that the Afghan Police are even more corrupt and incompetent than Iraq Police, which is saying a lot.

Which all comes down to peeling off NATO troops to permanently hand hold and prop up Afghan forces in areas theoretically secured. Personally, I just don’t see the American public (or NATO’s public for that matter) putting up with another decade more of low intensity warfare and high expense while our economy is deconstructing?

 

TYRTAIOS

8:29 PM ET

February 13, 2010

Into the Breach - Again!

JPWREL - as to your last statement: read Bernard Finel's article titled "An Alternative to COIN" in the "Armed Forces Journal."

This operation around Marja looks to be a classic example of clear, hold, and build. Apparently there is supposed to be significant backfill of ANA, police, and infrastructure developement upon withdrawl of our conventional forces.

Let's you and I see how this evolves old man (I've never mentioned it, and won't again, my Youngblood is involved).

 

HAIRYSTEVE20

11:52 PM ET

February 13, 2010

I'm just confused

I'm just confused that a town that is not mentioned in the top 120 towns in Afghanistan in terms of population ( http://www.tageo.com/index-e-af-cities-AF-step-1.htm ) has suddenly acquired a population of 80,000 ( http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8514397.stm )? Have any journalists bothered checking any of the information they are being spoon fed?

I sincerely hope no one gets hurt but the whole thing smells of a giant PR exercise. Is this indicative of conflicting pressures on GHQ in Afghanistan? Are they being asked to run a counter insurgency campaign while at the same time feeling they have to show something flashy for the press.

Lots of lives were wasted in Vietnam by commanders who wanted to raise their media profile by launching assaults on targets that had no strategic significance but that would offer a chance to declare a 'victory'. Colonel Hal Moore wrote about it with some bitterness.

As i mentioned above this operation has been heavily trailed for six months, if there was a genuine desire to engage the enemy, whoever they are, a smaller, quicker operation would make sense. If the idea is to clear hold and build then a six month build up and 15,000 troops to take a one horse town means it will take about three hundred years to cover the whole of Afghanistan.

 

TYRTAIOS

10:36 AM ET

February 14, 2010

Reality?

I suspect in a manner of speaking there is some PR value here. The Taliban also spread their own PR - why not us? : )

However, it is my understanding the town is the largest that the Taliban have outright controlled. In addition, as mentioned before, it is a prime source of revenue through the narco-trade for the Taliban - thus a likely place to conduct an operation of this size.

The key here is: if we get this right, it will become a model for what we can accomplish. If we don't get it right, the Afghan and aid backfill after we leave being all important, we are, as they say on the chess board, forked.

 

JPWREL

1:15 PM ET

February 14, 2010

Thanks for the reference to

Thanks for the reference to the excellent article by Finel in the AFJ. He essentially promotes a strategy, which I have supported for years and also has been rejected by the Pentagon for just as long for their own parochial reasons. The USA has the ability to strike quickly and devastatingly from over the horizon without permanent base structures. This is a unique one of a kind capability, which we enjoy and should exploit. Finel is also right in that while insurgent forces may practice their own form of asymmetrical warfare rather than respond to their initiative we should take the initiative from them and execute our own form of asymmetrical warfare using our highly mobile strike forces and intelligence gathering capabilities.

This strategy means an intensive use of space communications and reconnaissance, carrier manned strike capability, and UAV’s for reconnaissance and strike, and offshore conventional quick reaction forces such as Marines for larger operations and Navy SEAL’s for precision on target assault. As of now SEAL’s are essentially being used as high-octane light infantry, which is a waste of their hyper expensive training and capabilities. The goal is to neutralize and destroy threat targets and get the hell out and continue to monitor the threat situation. Perhaps follow-on strike may be desired.

Bernard Finel, also demonstrates how the U.S. has failed to properly do net risk assessment relating true strategic political risk of a threat situation versus assets committed. This means as he states that if we realized the vast bulk of our war aims our commitment should be proportioned accordingly. In my view, Iraq is a situation where the vast bulk of our war aims were accomplished when we reached Bagdad. The follow-on nation building effort was unnecessary and unrelated to our national interests.

Today, rather than stationing 130,000 ISAF troops in Afghanistan we should measure the true risks to ourselves and continuously monitor and strike those targets, which pose a threat to us. Permanent garrisons and endless low intensity warfare not only overly tests the patience of the American publics political support but does not use forces efficiently and leaves us exposed in other potential theaters.

For others here is the link: http://www.afji.com/2010/02/4387134

 

Thomas E. Ricks covered the U.S. military for the Washington Post from 2000 through 2008.

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