Friday, January 15, 2010 - 4:34 PM

Here my CNAS colleague William Shields reports on his recent breakfast with Gen. George Casey, the Army chief of staff:
General Casey pointedly kept his focus narrow. He remarked at one point that looking ahead to distant dates like 2040 is "almost not helpful because of the rate of technological change," and that "we're going to be doing something else in 3 to 5 years that no one is thinking about." Instead, speaking at the AUSA Institute of Land Warfare Breakfast, he focused on the near future, specifically the Program Objective Memorandum (POM) 2012-2017 effort. The bulk of his presentation was on the six things he is focusing on in 2010:
- Restore balance to the Army: Casey discussed the need to return to the one year out, two years back rotation as OIF draws down.
- Continue to prepare soldiers for success in both theaters: Casey here focused on the not insignificant task of managing the withdrawal of materiel from Iraq, redeploying some to Afghanistan, all while maintaining the gains made in Iraq over the past three years.
- Maintain focus on sustaining soldiers, families, and civilians: He acknowledged the toll taken by the increase in the number of suicides among soldiers and the Army's nascent programs, such as the Comprehensive Soldier Fitness program, to address the issue.
- Establish an integrated system for Army business operations: The general hinted at a future tightening of appropriations in the wake of OIF winding down which the Army will need more effective management systems to handle, saying "we have to get better value for our money." This will involve improving the equipment requirement process, and managing modular, rotational deployment in a more institutional, less ad-hoc manner.
- Leadership Development: Casey here emphasized the need to improve civilian development processes.
- Refine the Army of the 21st century: With the conversion to a modular force scheduled for completion in 2011, the forthcoming task for the Army will be to "tie up loose ends," particularly in finding the balance between light and heavy units.
Gen. Casey wound up the talk with a somewhat cagey response to a question on the more near-term QDR release, allowing that he was "pleased" with the outcome of both the QDR and the FY2011 budget, and that there was general continuity between FY2010, FY2011, and the QDR.
Tom comment: Sure thing, send a postcard when you get the balance right between light and heavy. I think it's a worthwhile task but impossible to complete. Both sides have unique skills and we never know which we will need of each, when we'll need it, and how much we'll need. So, like Marshall in 1940, what you should do is ensure you have a training cadre in place, with the right ideas guiding them.
April 2011 Can't Come Soon Enough ...
April 2011 is when the Army will get a new Chief of Staff. I had so much hope for GEN Casey's tenure after the disastrous four years that Donald Rumsfeld's hand picked CSA, Peter Schoomaker was at the helm.
At the time, early 2007, I was counseled by LTCs and COLs whose opinions I greatly respect that I shouldn't be so optimistic. They were right and I wish I had listened to their insight and experience instead of getting my hopes up.
This has been an incredibly disappointing 3 years because unlike Schoomaker, GEN Casey has the skills and experience to get the Army back on the right path - culturally, doctrinally and organizationally. The fact that he has done so little to address so many critical issues is unfortunate.
To me, one of GEN Casey's greatest failings is the way he views the role of Army Chief of Staff. He has conferred an almost "Papal Infallibility" to the decisions and decrees of his predecessors - no matter how ill-conceived or poorly executed. His unwillingness to even question the wrong-headed decisions of GEN Schoomaker and the second and third order effects they continue to have on the force and its relationship with sister services and civil society is tragic.
If I hear one more Marshall reference, I'll puke
Perfect example of how we simplify today's incredibly complex operations: managing the dynamics of the military, US civilian, local government, and local population aspects of the occupations. Marshall's tasks were child's play compared to the challenges of either Iraq and Afghanistan. Add them together and you've got quite a tiger by the tail.
Take it outside, NoSho.
At any rate, I think you lack perspective. Iraq and Afghanistan are nettlesome, but neither one looks to me like the challenge the Americans faced in 1940, not knowing if the British would collapse, and wondering if they faced a Nazi-dominated world.
I'm still deep into my reading on World War II, so I expect you're gonna see a lot more Marshall references.
Best,
Tom
You're confusing consequences with difficulty
Certainly WWII could have had worse results than either Iraq or Afghanistan, but creating a new state during a war is a much more complex task, and we control fewer of the variables. Did we have to deal with tribal and sectarian politics after we landed at Normandy? Did the Nazis remain in control of half of Germany while we tried to reconstruct the other half? Did the Soviet Union give aid to East German saboteurs to put land mines in West Germany?
Correction and Addition and Funny
The first Germany should be France.
"Iraq and Afghanistan are nettlesome." Please print that out and re-read it each January until all American troops have left both countries.
Were you the model for the yellow-nosed figure in the FP covers ad?
If I hear one ASU reference, I'll puke
(Thanks IRR for not mentioning it, I know you want to)
More to the point, Casey was a failure in Iraq, why should we have expected anything different?
I thought his strengths would shine through as CSA
Hunter,
I think the missplaced optimism that I and others had for GEN Casey's tenure was that being CSA is different from being a field commander. I still believe that GEN Casey's career trajectory, education and experiences - on paper at least - are well suited for the role of CSA. I naively assumed that his strengths and prior Beltway experiences as the Director of the Joint Staff and VCSA would rise to the occasion and get the Army on a better footing. In other words, he has the conventional experiences and insights that his predecessor lacked. I was wrong and regret being so naive ... it just makes the disappointment even worse.
It is likely that the Army Chief of Staff today has a much shorter leash than Gen. Marshall did.
Gen. Casey certainly did when he was appointed to the job by President Bush. One struggles to think of significant changes he might have made in the Army that would not have reflected badly not only on his uniformed predecessors but on the civilians who appointed them. This is quite apart from the fact that his appointment to the CoS job was a kick upstairs by an administration committed to change the course Casey had helped set in Iraq.
Much less close to the Army than Tom Ricks or other posters here, I expected no major departures in any policy area under Casey's influence when he was appointed. I do not indict him for failing in the job; I don't think that's quite fair. Damage control -- dealing with the consequences to the Army's personnel, equipment, and capabilities in the wake of a disastrous war in Iraq and another war in Afghanistan allowed to heat to the boiling point -- has been Casey's main responsibility as Chief of Staff. Perhaps another man would have done better, but I wonder if such a man would have had a chance of appointment by the last President.
Well, the Army Chief of Staff is a very different job than it was during Marshall's career so any comparison is really an apples and oranges one. Same with the service Secretaries who used to be major dominate figures in defense policy but today are merely paper shufflers. Fortunately, it was Marshall who was the dominant personality of the Combined Chiefs of Staff during World War 2. Can anyone imagine what it would have been like if Adm. Ernest King had emerged as numero uno and set the strategic agenda negotiated with the British!
Try to remember, when Marshall was Chief of Staff, he was effectivly Commander of the Army. There were no COCOMs, title 10 authorities, and th National Security Act of 1947 had yet to be passed. Marshall was responsible for everything. Current Chiefs are not commanders and hence are sometimes referred to as "Title 10 Mother-F**kers"
Try to keep this fact in mind when you argue complexity of the position.
I find this all facinating, interesting, and as ususal, way off the mark!
the giant mechanized fighting suits shown in Avatar? It seems like those may show up before a return to a 1:2 deployment for the brigades. What with unravelling in Iraq, and the dislikelihood of a 2011 drawdown of the Afghan escalation...
My comment has to be on that picture.
What Uniform is that? It looks like US Cavalry circa 1880 meets the Navy service dress of today.
Yes it does look nice. And good to know that at least one officer in My Favorite Army prefers to appear in an actual uniform rather than dressing up like GI Joe in his pajamas.
Sadly Casey is a prime offender
For those of you who think the uniform makes the man. Casey is one of the biggest offenders in the Army Combat Uniform as all purpose wear. (See the recent Army Navy game as an example - every Army officer is in Greens, every cadet in their Dress Grey, the Chief was in in his utilities). I personally don't give a shit what they wear - which is why I made my earlier "puke" comment.
I'd rather be concerned what his duty performance is. And furthermore, when our Congress acts deserving of their station is when I will worry about their being offended about what uniform a person shows up in. It just ain't a big deal.
To some of the earlier points. I can't understand how a man of retirement age in the highest position in his profession should really care about anything other than doing the best he can for his service. Shinseki should have fallen on his sword when his bosses told him to attack Iraq with 1/5 the force he recommended. Casey should do whatever he deems best for the service, make those recommendations to the boss, and when enough of those recommendations are overruled or ignored move on to his much-deserved retirement.
How can you be a 4 star coward and not stand up to your convictions? It defies logic. It's not like you don't have the $5000/plate speaking circuit waiting or some other company isn't gonna hire you for their board of directors or something (witness Franks on the Chuck E. Cheese board - hilarious and somehow appropriate). Sickening to those in the trenches. Totally sad.
sometime I think it is not a matter of not standing up for your convictions, but rather just being wrong. We assume he is not giving proper advice...have you considered he is saying what he believes, but is just way off the mark?
Casey was a critical part of the team that mishandled the early Iraq war. That should be a disqualifier. It should be damning. His personal approach is robotic at best. His businesslike, without the option of going out of business, rhetoric is without substance. If Casey's father, a General, had not died in a helo in VN, Mr. Casey would have retired as a Colonel. Casey is one of the architects of disaster.
We'd have to know Gen. Casey's orders
to judge his performance, or condemn him for not resigning the MNFI command rather than carry them out.
The civil war and Iranian backed attempt to run the table in Baghdad 2005-2007 was seeded in MNSTC-I's 2004-6 stand-up of the Shiite army. Again, we'd have to know Petraeus, Dempsey et al's orders, to judge the performance of their commands in that effort.
Reading between the lines of "Gamble" and other accounts, recalling 500-700 war homicides a day in mid 2005, MNFI's inactivity immediately after the Samarra bombing, I propose (on limited evidence) that Gen. Casey was mandated to let Baghdad bleed toward a Shiite victory, and get his MNFI command on a path out before the 2006 mid-terms.
Given the high US casualties built into the Iraq counteroffensive, announcing such a plan before Nov 2006 would have amplified Pres. Bush's losses in those elections. President #43 was playing politics with the war plan, expressing public confidence in the failing national strategy, and Gen. Casey was the patsy.
What is your point?
Jaffir, any limited war's objectives are political
A proper history would examine the direction given by US civilian authority to Gen. Casey, before parsing blame. We know that there was significant micromanagement from the civilian command going on at various times, such as during Gen. Mattis' misadventures in the 'attack now, no, wait' first battle of Fallujah.
To my knowledge, no one (including Rick's) has written authoritatively on the curiously reduced level of engagement of US forces in March 2006, after the Golden Mosque bombing, the point from which Gen. Casey's command never regained the initiative.
Correction: 5-700 Baghdad homicides/month
were documented by the UN, in the Summer of 2005. Not per day, as stated in error above. The 2005 head-rise of mayhem came before the Samarra bombing in late Feb. 2006, which apparently resulted in a partial stand-down by US troops in March 06, when our casualty count dropped by 50%. Militia warfare in Baghdad took the monthly toll over a thousand a month going into the 2006 midterm elections, a period when Pres Bush was expressing confidence in Gen. Casey's war.
Casey's danger isn't the uniform he chooses to wear; it is his competency. He helped lose a war and now he is in charge of an Army. What the heck. He ought to be reviled. His quasi business comments on managing the Army reflect a perfect balance that could neither run a war or a food and goods store. We have been at war since 2001 and 2003, with no sign of victory, which general is to blame?
Intesting comments on Gen. Casey. I suspect, like Gen. Westmoreland before him, had the theater of conflict been one he had trained for his whole life, his grasp of the situation in front of him would have been better understood, and his performance commendatory.
Alas, like others of his grade, he bought into the false premise that the Iraqis would take charge after the toppling of Saddam Hussein and his Baathist regime. Even after events started heading into the crapper, it seemed to me looking-in, that the General was trying to focus more on training-up the Iraq's to take charge, so his forces could leave Dodge City, instead of addressing the insurgency preventing stability to do such.
On another subject: any comments concerning Gen. Marshall not being confronted with a more complex set of dynamics during two vastly geographic and widely separated theaters during WWII, with two different enemies at the height of their momentum, without the technology present today, as compared with Afghanistan and Iraq, is absurd. However, WWII was about total war, and the enemy and our national mission clearly defined, unlike today, which creates is own set of unique dynamics for todays leaders.
It seems the generals never please us historically - "We asked General Westmoreland to come to Khe Sahn, but General Westmoreland said no. He gave as the reason, it isn't the season, besides you Marines have no USO."
Casey is incompetent on a level only rivaled by French Generals manning the Northern Frontier at the start of the second world war. Almost every military decision Casey has made as a senior officer has been a disaster.
Incompetent or mediocre - I'll let history make the call. One aspect to keep in mind was his commander-in-chief, who at the time was being lead by his VP and SecDef Rumsfeld, may have been treating him like a mushroom. That is to say, feeding him shit and keeping him in the dark.
Remember Jaffir, war is actually pretty simple, it's those damned details in plannning and executing it that are complicated. : )
Certainly the CiC, VP, and DefSec can inhibit a war. It takes a general to lose one. Casey meets this bar. He was the big guy, plus a little Sanchez, who got this off track and, if they saw it coming, didn't argue the corner. They lost the war.
Maybe the generals lost the war (not sure it's lost - how can you lose something you can't win?). But they were aided in that by the dysfunctional culture and condition of the Army itself. Many years ago the US Navy identified its three key capabilities as mobility, flexibility, and offensive power. The Army, by worrying only about the last characteristic on the list, completely lost sight of the other two (which should apply to any Service). And it defined offensive power as heavy, big-war force on force, with little use for SOF and LIC and COIN and anything else that had not been needed in the Fulda Gap. And then, when shifted to occupation duty, Army blew that too. Now, with the most extensive support in history at its call, the Army can't figure out how to move 30K troops in timely fashion and look like deer in the headlights when the Commander in Chief says 'Go do your job. Now.'
Casey's fault? No. Something as screwed up as the US Army can't be blamed on one guy. Blame the Army itself. Culture. People. Plans. Tradition. The United States Army has not performed well since Korea or even perhaps WW II. Wholesale reform is the only right answer - don't fault Casey alone for being one in a long line of leaders unable to see that or get it done.
Army WW@ performance was average
The Army’s tactical and operational performance in World War Two was merely average and totally reliant for success upon massive superiority in material and air support. The Germans referred to this kind of war as ‘materiellsclacht’. For the U.S. Army ground forces it is difficult to come up with any tactical or operational innovations that contributed to a better execution and understanding of conventional war.
Close air to ground support doctrine was developed by both the RAF in WW1 and the Wehrmacht prior to WW2. Centralized fire control for artillery was again a shared British/French and German innovation in WW1. Armored doctrine was an original development of the British and heavily refined and devloped by the Germans. The British invented true special operations forces while the Germans developed the critical technique of infantry/tank (Panzer grenadiers) cooperation for mobile armored warfare.
The list goes on.
Who is trying to blame Casey for all the Armiy's faults? it is magnificent organization. However, you have to take the leaders as you find them. Casey is one of the men who failed. and under his stewardship, it failed a lot. No one is trying to make him eat the whole shit sandwich, but he earned his own plate. The idea that the problem is too big to rest on any one set of shoulder boards is wrong. People made decisions and if it was born of a larger culture, who cares. They should have fought that culture.
the gains made in Iraq over the past three years.
My goodness.
Did something happen in Iraq in 2007? What could it be? Does Tom Ricks know about ths? Admiral? Beuller? Beuller?
Formerly Restore the Old Code of Conduct
...and ditch the "Ethos" of the special ops brigand.
It would better reflect what is being written by a core of the Army through those that are in charge the JTFs in harms way. And from officers such as LTC Yingling and those Sargents in the 82nd during the surge.
Ethics, character and stoic philosophy, Casey may recall those builders from his classes with the priests at Villanova.
They were once part of the Army's culture before being replaced by doctrines.
I Think You Mean The Soldier's Creed
Bill,
I think you mean the "Soldier's Creed" rather than the "Code of Conduct." If you mean the Soldier's Creed, I agree 110%. The "Warrior Ethos" that replaced the Soldier's Creed in late 2003 certainly has a noxious and ahistorical tone. This "ethos" profoundly redefined the soldier's relationship with the Army and Nation s/he serves and was implemented without debate, discussion or analysis of the inevitable second and third order effects it would have. GEN Casey's unwillingness to revisit this sweeping, knee-jerk decision made in the wake of the Jessica Lynch/507th Maintenance Company debacle in OIF I, reveals the "papal infallibility" imprimatur he gives to the unpopular and ill-conceived decisions of his predecessors.
As an aside, GEN Casey, like myself, attended both a Jesuit High School and University. He was not educated by the Augustinians at Villanova.
A.M.D.G. (Motto of Jesuit Education)
yes..Creed and Jesuits (BC) need apply.
No more Pajamas at the Pentagon....
Cheers for Gates! Army looks like the Union again.
Will the Navy fly the Jack of the States, next? As in United States Navy .
As pointed by his spokesmen, this is a more appropriate dress for a leadership position. May apply to Armada ships also.
For the uniform enforcers among you...
you'll be happy to see this.
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/19/us/politics/19pentagon.html
As I have stated before, who really cares? Let's focus on function not fashion.
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